|
[ go to start of list ]
[ return to Amanita Studies home ]
[ return to page for keys and checklists ]
Checklist of Amanita found in
sub-Saharan Africa
PROVISIONAL - 17.vii.2008 - PROVISIONAL
Compilation and Text by
Rodham E. Tulloss1
and Lindsay Possiel
1P. O. Box 57, Roosevelt, New
Jersey 08555-0057, USA
contact
Photographs of indigenous African species by David Arora
Photographs of European species by R. E. Tulloss.
Photograph of A. marmorata (Oahu, Hawaii, USA) by Jon Dale.
[As is the case for the Amanita
Studies site in general, good photographs accompanied by well-dried and
well-annotated material are always welcome and will serve to improve
this page. Addresses of the editors (to whom such images and
documented exsiccata may be sent) are on the
Amanita Studies home page.]
This checklist includes
taxa claimed for Africa. A few may well be misidentified as European
taxa, although some European species have definitely been introduced.
There are probably a few taxonomic synonyms listed separately. Some "taxa" are listed as excluded
for diverse reasons. Despite these
caveats, it is reasonable to suspect that the number of taxa in Amanita
from Africa including the Malagasay Republic will eventually be
demonstrated to exceed 100, perhaps considerably.
Species described from or known from central Africa are presented in bold faced type.
Sixteen taxa demonstrated, or suspected, to be present in Zambia or
Zimbabwe due to dried specimens and photographs sent to me by David Arora since 1999
are indicated by having the country name printed in blue.
When a taxon’s presence is confirmed microscopically based on the new
collections, the blue entry is underlined.
For a given species, an asterisk (*) marks the country containing the
type locality. A bold, italic, red question mark (?)
indicates missing or doubtful data. A bullet (•) before a list entry
indicates that RET has reviewed one or more regional collections of that taxon personally.
[ B ] provides
a link from each taxon's list of references to this page's bibliography.
Note on development of reliable data on sporesize and shape and its presentation:
Spore measurements in Beeli’s publications are not reliable for the most part. Often, but
not always, the Beeli numbers are too low—by as much as 20% or more.
Measuring Gilbert’s drawings of spores from the original collections
of Goossens (in [GIL41]) gives a more reliable feeling for size and
shape, although the sample sizes of Gilbert are small at best. For
species in section Lepidella, the best available data continues
to be that in [BAS69]. In this checklist, updates on spore data are
provided for all species examined by RET. RET measures spores in
lateral view -- so that the adaxial flattening and apiculus are clearly
in view and in focus. Also both ends of the spore must be in focus
for a measurement to be made. For every specimen from which spores
are examined, the average length (L) and the average width (W)
are computed and reported. The length/width ratio (Q) for every
spore is computed and reported. For every individual specimen, an
average Q is computed (Q) and reported. As a standard
process step, L/W is computed and compared to Q as
a check on computations. [The two values will not always be
precisely equal due to rounding; however, they will be very similar
especially for less elongated spores.] For each species examined,
the overall average of length, width, and Q for all spores measured is
computed and reported (L', W', and Q').
Location of types and other collections:
Herbarium name codes in this paragraph follow Holmgren et al. (?).
Material collected or utilized by Patouillard, Bouriquet, and Buyck in
the Malagasay Republic is to be found in P (PC), at least in part.
Parts of these collections, particularly some holotypes, were in the
Malagasy Republic Herbarium (TAN), but have been destroyed by fire. Material of Beeli, Goossens,
Heinemann, Verbeken, and Walleyn is in BR. Gilbert's herbarium is presumed lost; however, duplicates
of Gilbert's material may be deposited in other herbaria around the
world. Collections reported upon by Reid, Pegler, Shah-Smith, and
Pearson are often to be found in K, at least in part. Material
upon which reports were written by Harkonen et al. are to be
found in H. Material on which Bas reported is often in L, at least
in part. David Arora's collections can be found in SFSU and the
private herbarium of RET. Use the "contact" link
[ top ] to ask RET about material utilized in preparation of this document.
Acknowledgment: We are very grateful to Mr. David Arora for his permission
to use his beautiful photographs of collections from Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Intra-document links to sections of the genus:
Section Amanita
Section Vaginatae
Section Caesareae
Section Amidella
Section Lepidella
Section Phalloideae
Section Validae
Other useful intra-document links:
Taxa excluded or not yet categorized by section
Bibliography (incomplete)
Start
of List
Subgenus Amanita -- Spores amyloid.
[ top ]
Section Amanita
-- Stipe off-center upward in button stage of development (usually with a bulbous
base, at least when young. Curiously, only three indigenous taxa of
this section are known to occur in central and southern Africa.
[ top ] [ full site
list for sect. Amanita ]
•bingensis (Beeli) R. Heim [including sensu R. Heim] [BEE31] [HEIM40] [GIL41] [MOR87]
[RAW93] [ B
] (Congo*, Malawi?) Looks like a species of the "A. ceciliae group," but has a
bulbous stipe base and a volva very like that of
A. rubrovolvata S. Imai or A. farinosa
Schwein. Illustration in [MOR87] is mislabeled (see A. hemibapha sensu
Morris); the description provided is of an annulate species.
Spores [BEE31]: 5 - 6 × 3 - 4.5 µm; est. Q’ = 1.45.
Spores of type [from illustration in GIL41]: [4/1/1] 6.5 - 8 × 5 - 6.5 µm; Q = 1.30.
Spores of type from BR: [28/1/1] (5.5-) 5.7 - 6.9 (-7.0) × (4.4-) 4.5 - 5.3 (-5.6) µm,
(L = 6.3 µm; W = 4.9 µm; Q = (1.15-) 1.17-1.42 (-1.49); Q = 1.29).
•Amanita cf. bingensis (Zambia)
Apparently more robust and with more red in the
pigmentation than in the east Africa species (above).
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]: [60/3/2] (7.3-) 7.5 - 9.8
(-11.0) × (4.5-) 5.1 - 6.5 (-7.6) µm, (L = 8.3 - 8.9 µm; L’ = 8.6
µm; W = 5.4 - 6.2 µm; W’ = 5.8 µm; Q = (1.22-) 1.25 - 1.80
(-1.83); Q = 1.34 - 1.64; Q’ = 1.48).
•muscaria (L. : Fr.) Lam. var. muscaria
[BER65] [MOR87] [MycRes:91] [SK53] [HSM94] [RYV94] [PSS97] [ B
] (Europe*, Congo, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa ("introduced"), Tanzania
("introduced"), Zambia
("might be introduced"), Zimbabwe (probably introduced).) RET has reviewed and
confirmed the determination of Tanzanian material.
Spores [from European, Asian,
African, S. American, and Alaskan mat’l.]: [435/22/18] (7.4-) 8.5 -
11.5 (-13.1) × (5.6-) 6.5 - 8.5 (-9.8) µm, (L = (8.7-) 9.1 -
11.2 (-11.4) µm; L’ = 10.0 µm; W = (6.5-) 6.9 - 8.1 (-8.2) µm;
W’ = 7.50 µm; Q = (1.11-) 1.21 - 1.47 (-1.75) µm; Q = 1.26 - 1.41
(-1.42) µm; Q’ = 1.34).
•pantherina (DC. : Fr.) Krombh.
[BER65] [MycRes:91] [ B ]
(Europe*, Morocco, South Africa ("introduced") )
Spores [from European mat’l.]: [260/13/6] (7.5-)
9.0 - 12.0 (-14.0) × (5.2-) 6.2 - 8.2 (-9.8) µm, (L = 9.6 - 11.2 (-11.3) µm; L’ = 10.3 µm; W =
6.7 - 7.7 (-8.0) µm; W’ = 7.2 µm; Q = (1.20-) 1.28 - 1.62 (-1.77); Q = 1.32 - 1.51
(-1.61); Q’ = 1.42).
pulverotecta Bas [BAS82]
[ B ] (Malawi*.) This species has a powdery volva
similar to that of A. bingenis, above.
However, the bright pigments of the latter species are lacking.
Spores [BAS82]: (10.6-) 10.9 - 12.8 (-14.8) × 5.7 -
7.4 µm, (Q = 1.6 - 2.0; Q = 1.75).
rhodophylla
Beeli [BEE31] [GIL41] [RAW93] [ B ] (Congo*, Malawi.)
Annulate. This could be a species analogous to the strongly limbate to volvate species of Latin
America that have bulbous stipes and, hence, belong in section Amanita.
Spores [BEE31]: 4 - 6 µm diam.
Spores of type [from illustration in GIL41]: [1/1/1] 8.1 × 7.2 µm, (Q = 1.13).
[
top of current section -- Amanita ]
Section Caesareae -- Stipe totally
elongating (with no basal bulb, do not confuse cupulate volval remains
with a basal bulb), bearing partial veil. [ top ] [ full site list for
sect. Caesareae ]
annulatovaginata Beeli var. annulatovaginata [BEE27] [BEE31]
[BUY94] [GIL41] [ B ]
(Burundi, Congo*.)
Spores of type [GIL41]: [4/1/1] 11 - 13.9 × 6.5 -
9.9 µm; Q = 1.40 - 1.77; Q = 1.60.
According to Gilbert [GIL41], = var. atra Beeli.
Spores of "lectotype" of atra [GIL41]: [5/1/1] 9.8 - 11 × 6.2 -
7.6 µm; Q = 1.46 - 1.60; Q = 1.52.
According to Gilbert [GIL41], = var. amethystina Beeli
.
Spores [BEE31]: 8 - 10 × 6 - 8 µm; est. Q = 1.3.
annulatovaginata var. citrina Beeli
[BEE31] [GIL41] [ B ]
(Congo*.)
Spores of type [GIL41]: [2/1/1] 12.3 - 12.9 × 7.8 - 8.3 µm; Q = 1.48 - 1.65; Q = 1.57.
elegans Beeli
[BEE31] [GIL41] [PSS97] [ B ]
(Congo*, Zambia.) With
fragile annulus. Spores [BEE31]: 7 - 8 µm diam.
Spores [PSS97]: 7.5 - 9 × 6.5 - 8 µm, (L’ = 8.5±0.55 µm; W’ = 7.3±0.38 µm;
Q’ = 1.17).
Spores [GIL41]: [2/1/1] 7.0 - 8 (-9) × 6 - 6.8 (-8.5) µm, (Q = 1.17 - 1.18; Q = 1.18).
hemibapha sensu Morris
[MOR87] [RAW93] [ B ] (Malawi.) Looks like an orange-brown caesarea; see
A. mafingensis; illus. in MOR87 is
labeled in error "A. bingensis."
Spores: ?.
infusca E.-J. Gilbert ex
Singer [GIL41] [SIN51] [PSS97] [ B ]
(=A. umbrina Beeli non Pers.) (Congo*, Zambia.)
Spores
[GIL41]: [4/1/1] 9.1 - 10.0 × 6.4 - 7.3 µm, (Q = 1.30 - 1.51; Q = 1.40).
Spores [PSS97]: 10 - 13 × 6.5 - 9 µm, (L = 11.2±0.8 µm; W = 7.4±0.8 µm; Q = 1.50).
loosii Beeli [BEE36] [GIL41] [PRT77] [RAW93] [WallVerb98a]
[ B ]
(Congo*.) See discussion
under A. zambiana, below. Pileus snow white
becoming milk white with chamois disc.
Spores from lectotype [WallVerb98a]: [10/1/1] 10.1 - 12.5 × 7.4 - 10.7 µm; est.
Q’ = 1.25.
luteoflava
Beeli [BEE31] [GIL41] [ B ]
(Congo*.) With thin, fragile, superior annulus.
S
pores [BEE31]: 7 - 8 µm diam.
Spores of type [from illustration of GIL41] (none correctly oriented):
10.5 - 13.5 × 9.4 - 12.8 µm.
•
mafingensis Härk. & Saarim. in Härk., Saarim. &
Mwasumbi [HSM94] [PSS97] [
B ]
(Tanzania*,
Zambia.) Belonging
to Amanita stirps Hemibapha.
Spores
[HSM94]: 9.5 - 13 × 5.5 - 8.5 µm, (L’ = 10.6 µm; W’ = 6.9 µm; Q = 1.44 -
1.66; Q’ = 1.53).
Spores [from isotype in H]: [20/1/1] 10.5 - 12.7 (-15.8) × (6.8-) 7.1 - 8.9 (-10.5) µm, (L = 11.6 µm;
L’ = 11.6 µm; W = 7.8 µm; W’ = 7.8 µm; Q = (1.34-) 1.35 - 1.61 (-1.64);
Q = 1.49; Q’ = 1.49).
• masasiensis
Härk. & Saarim. in Härk., Saarim. & Mwasumbi [HSM94]
[ B ] (Tanzania*.) Belonging to
Amanita stirps Hemibapha.
Spores [HSM94]: 8.5 - 12 × 6 - 9 µm, (L’ = 10.0 µm;
W’ = 6.3 µm; Q = 1.20 - 1.50; Q’ = 1.36.)
Spores [including those from isotype (H)]: [40/2/2] (8.5-) 8.6 - 10.8 (-12.1) ×
(5.5-) 6.0 - 7.0 (-9.0) µm, (L = 9.6 - 9.8 µm; L’ = 9.7 µm; W = 6.3 - 6.6 µm;
W’ = 6.4 µm; Q = (1.35-) 1.37 - 1.66 (-1.87);
Q = 1.47 - 1.56; Q’ = 1.51).
strobilaceovolvata Beeli [BEE35] [BUY94] [GIL41] [PSS97] [
B ] (Burundi, Congo*,
Zambia
.) (=A. fibrilosa (Beeli) E.-J. Gilbert fide E.-J. Gilbert [GIL41]. Pileus with
distinct umbo, brown, with marginal striations occupying more than 50% of radius.
Spores [BEE31]: 6 - 7 µm diam.
Spores of both types [GIL41]: [4/2/2] 9.3 - 11.3 × 8.1 - 9.5 (-9.9) µm.
•
tanzanica Härk. & Saarim. in Härk., Saarim. & Mwasumbi [HSM94]
[ B ]
(Tanzania*.)
Belonging to Amanita stirps Hemibapha. Spores [from isotype (H)]:
[40/1/1] (8.5-) 9.0 - 11.4 (-12.6) × (5.0-) 5.5 - 6.7 (-7.8) µm, (L = 10.4 µm; W’ =
6.0 µm; Q = (1.42-) 1.50 - 1.93 (-2.02); Q = 1.72).
 •
zambiana Pegler & Piearce [BUY94] [PP80] [PSS97]
[RAW93] [RYV94] [WallVerb98a]
[ B ] (Congo, Malawi,
Zambia*,
Zimbabwe.) Belonging to Amanita
stirps Hemibapha. Pileus suggests A. caesarea, with short marginal striation,
becoming white with olive-brown disc; volva breaking up into polygonal
plaques, becomes quite dark on exterior with age. Buyck as well as
Walleyn and Verbeken feel this is a posterior synonym of A. loosii. My only
reservations are that the latter species is described (1) as snow white
at first and milk white with a chamois disc in age, (2) as having a
volva the surface of which is simply described as brownish and is not
illustrated as breaking up into polygonal plaques.
Spores [including those from my type study]:
[140/6/3] (9.9-) 10.0 - 13.5 (-21.0) × (7.0-) 7.8 - 10.8 (-12.5) µm, (L = 10.8 - 12.3 (-13.0) µm;
L’ = 11.6 µm; W = 8.2 - 9.5 (-10.5) µm; W’ = 9.1 µm; Q = (1.09-) 1.13 - 1.53
(-1.91); Q = 1.19 - 1.30 (-1.41); Q’ = 1.29).
[ top of current
section -- Caesareae
]
Section Vaginatae -- Stipe totally elongating (with no basal
bulb, do not confuse cupulate volval remains with a basal bulb), not
bearing partial veil. [ top ] [
full site list for sect. Vaginatae ]
argentea sensu Berthet & Boidin
[BerBoi66] [TUL94][ B ]
(Cameroon.) (Possibly not correctly determined.
Material was sent to Huijsman and may be in L.
Spores [from RET study of type of
A. argentea Huijsman and other European mat’l.]: [200/9/8]
(9.1-) 10.0 - 13.5 (-17.7) × (6.4-) 7.5 - 10.6 (-13.6) µm, (L = (10.8-) 11.1 - 12.6 µm;
L’ = 11.5 µm; W = (8.1-) 8.4 - 9.8 µm; W’ = 8.8 µm; Q =
(1.04-) 1.14 - 1.51 (-1.81); Q = (1.21-) 1.27 - 1.39; Q’ = 1.32).
aurea
(Beeli) E.-J. Gilbert [BEE31] [GIL41] [Kew6] [RAW93] [RYV94] [PSS97] [ B ]
(Congo*, Uganda,
Zambia.) Extremely small spores were reported.
Spores [BEE31]: 4 - 5 µm diam.
Spores of type [from illustration in GIL41]: [3/1/1] 5 - 6 ×
4.5 - 5.2 µm, (Q = 1.01 - 1.10; Q = 1.06).
• calopus (Beeli) E.-J. Gilbert [BEE31] [GIL41] [RAW93]
[PSS97] [ B ]
(Congo*, Malawi, Zambia.)
Spores [BEE31]: 10 - 14 × 6 - 8 µm; est. Q’ = 1.7.
Spores [GIL41]: [3/1/1] 13 - 13.5 × 7 - 8.5 µm; Q = 1.65.
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]: [20/1/1] 7.8 - 13.6 (-15.1) × (5.5-) 6.0 - 8.8 (-9.0) µm, (L = 11.7 µm; W = 7.7 µm;
Q = (1.30-) 1.39 - 1.65 (-1.78); Q = 1.53).
•flammeola Pegler & Piearce
[PP80] [RAW93] [RYV94] [PSS97] [ B ] (Malawi?,
Zambia*.)
Yellow-orange at first, becoming quite pale in age or after exposure;
pileus with pronounced umbo; stipe exannulate. Spores said to be very
pale salmon in mass.
Spores [PP80]: 12.5 -
16.5 × 6.8 - 8.5 µm; Q = 1.95.
Spores [from type study]: [40/2/1] (8.6-) 10.5 -
13.3 (-15.4) × (5.7-) 6.3 - 7.7 (-9.0) µm, (L = 11.5 - 11.6 µm; L’ = 11.5 µm;
W = 6.8 - 6.9 µm; W’ = 6.9 µm; Q = (1.39-) 1.54
- 1.86 (-2.03); Q = 1.67 - 1.69; Q’ = 1.68).
fulva sensu auct. afric. [RAW83] [
B ] (Malawi.) Probably not correctly determined
as A. fulva (Schaeff.) Fr.
Spores [from European mat’l.]: [300/13/10] (9.0-) 10.0 - 12.5 (-19.3) × (8.2-)
9.3 - 12.0 (-15.5) µm, (L = 10.6 - 12.0 (-12.3) µm; L’ = 11.2 µm;
W = 9.8 - 11.4 (-11.6) µm; W’ = 10.6 µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.11 (-1.25);
Q = 1.05 - 1.08 (-1.09); Q’ = 1.06).
hovae Bouriquet
[BOU42] [RAW93] [ B ]
(Malagasay*.) Poorly known, could be properly placed in sect. Amanita
if it has a truly bulbous stipe base. Cap red with short marginal striations. Volva
entirely left at stipe base with fairly large membranous limbs.
Cross-sectional drawing in [BOU42] does not show the stipe and volva as
separate structures—suggesting that the volva is limbate on a basal
bulb. Annulus is drawn is a few fibrils, and Bouriquet calls the species
exannulate. It could be related to A.
pudica or A. robusta (see below); or it could be a species
imported with the Eucalyptus under which it was found.
Spores: 7 - 10 × 5.5 - 7 µm; approx. Q’ = 1.35.
pudica (Beeli) E.-J. Gilbert [BEE36] [GIL41a] [BUY94] [WAL96] [ B ] (Burundi,
Congo*, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.) Exannulate. A striking pink species!
Spores [WAL96]: (7.0-) 8.2 - 10.9 (-11.3) × (4.9-)
5.5 - 7.9 µm, (Q = 1.42 - 1.49).
robusta Beeli
[BEE31] [GIL41] [RAW93] [HSM94]
[ B ] (Congo*, Malawi.)
Stipe said to have a fibrillose annulus.
Spores [BEE31]: 7 - 8 × 5 - 6 µm; est. Q’ = 1.35.
Spores of type [from illustrations of GIL41]:
[2/1/1] 8.6 - 9.6 (-10.2) × 6.4 - 7.4 (-8.2) µm, (Q = 1.30 - 1.34; Q = 1.32).
tainaomby
R. Heim ex E.-J. Gilbert [HEM36] [GIL41]
[ B ]
(Malagasay*.) Poorly known.
Supposedly associated with cattle and their excrement. The fact that the
species is supposedly poisonous suggests it is misplaced in this
section; however, this may be false folk lore. The margin is intensely
striate, the distribution of volval material could suggest the
"A. ceciliae group."
Heim made no mention of a basal bulb. The type bore no mature spores according to Gilbert
(1941). The type was lost with Gilbert’s herbarium.
Spores [GIL41]: 9.5 - 10.5 × 8.5 - 10 µm; est Q’ = 1.07.
vaginata sensu auct. afric. [BER65] [Kew6] [RAW93]
[ B ]
(Morocco, Malawi, Tanzania.) Very unlikely to be the European species --
A. vaginata (Bull : Fr.) Vitt.; and may include more than one taxon.
Spores [European mat’l.]: [37/2/1] (8.5-) 9.3 - 13.6 (-16.5) × (6.5-) 8.0 - 11.5 (-14.0) µm, (
L = 10.9 - 11.3 µm; L’ = 11.1 µm; W = 10.0 - 10.1 µm; W’ = 10.0 µm; Q = (1.02-)
1.05 - 1.18 (-1.31); Q = 1.10 - 1.12; Q’ = 1.11).
[ top of current
section -- Vaginatae
]
Subgenus Lepidella --
Spores amyloid. [ top ]
Section Amidella -- Margin striate, appendiculate at
first, stipe base enclosed by often thick volva.
[ top ] [
full site list for sect. Amidella ]
floccosolivida Beeli
[BEE31] [BEE35] [ B ]
(Congo*)
Spores [BEE35]: 5 × 3 µm; est. Q’ = 1.65.
fulvopulverulenta Beeli [BEE31] [BUY94] [GIL41] [ B ] (Burundi, Congo*.)
Spores [BEE31]: 7 - 8 × 4 µm; est. Q’ = 1.9.
Spores of type [from illustrations of GIL41]:
[7/1/1] 7.9 - 11.3 × 3.7 - 5.2, (Q = 1.82 - 2.23; Q = 2.05).
fulvosquamulosa Beeli [BEE27] [GIL41] [ B ] (Congo*.) Gilbert believed this to be synonymous with A.
goossensiae. They do seem strikingly similar, and his argument
that one collection comprises young material while the other comprises
old basidiocarps seems a reasonable one.
Spores [BEE31]: 9 - 10 × 5 - 6 µm; est. Q’ = 1.7.
Spores [GIL41]: [7/1/1] 8.0 - 10.7 × 4.4 - 5.7 µm, (Q = 1.74 - 2.43; Q = 1.92).
•
goossensiae Beeli [BEE27] [GIL41] [RAW93]
[ B ] (Congo*, Malawi,
Zambia.)
Arora 01-580
was collected immature and without a bulb; and, probably as a consequence,
the spores seem stressed ([20/1/1] (7.0-) 7.5 - 10.5 (-11.6) × (3.8-)
4.1 - 5.0 (-5.1) µm). These spores match rather well with those of the
goossensiae-fulvosquamulosa pair. Gilbert [GIL41] warns
that the species exhibits "polymorphism" to a great degree. In young
material the pileus is orangish and darkens to reddish brown with
exposure; and the thin white patches of the universal veil’s inner
surface are randomly, but rather densely, distributed over the pileus.
The pileus margin is markedly appendiculate. Some young specimens show a
weakly formed partial veil that is ephemeral. The
volva may enclose as much as half of the stipe.
Spores [BEE27]: 8 - 10 × 5.5 - 6 µm; est. Q’ = 1.55.
Spores including those from type[GIL41]: [13/2/2] 9.0 - 10.3 × 4.1 - 6.2 µm, (Q
= 1.48 - 2.24;Q = 1.78).
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]: [60/3/2] (7.0-) 9.3 - 13.9 (-14.5) × (3.8-) 4.1 - 4.9 (-5.1) µm,
(L = 9.6 - 12.7 µm; L’ = 11.4 µm; W = 4.4 - 4.5 µm; W’ = 4.5 µm; Q = 2.62 - 3.11
(-3.12); Q = 2.11 - 2.84; Q’ = 2.56).)
• irreperta E.-J. Gilbert nom. prov. [GIL41] [ B ] (Malagasay.)
Spores [from representative specimen reviewed by Gilbert]: [35/1/1] (7.6-) 8.0
- 10.3 (-11.2) × (4.7-) 4.8 - 6.4 (-6.8) µm, (L = 9.3 µm; L’ =
9.3 µm; W = 5.6 µm; W’ = 5.6 µm; Q = (1.43-) 1.45 - 1.81 (-2.19);
Q = 1.66; Q’ = 1.66).
olivacea Beeli [BEE31] [GIL41]
[ B ]
(Congo*, Zambia.)
Pileus bears powdery olivaceous material.
Spores [BEE31]: 7 - 9 × 4 - 5 µm; est. Q’ = 1.8.
Spores [GIL41]: [7/1/1] 8.0 - 9.6 × 4.1 - 5.6 µm, (Q = 1.68 - 2.29; Q = 1.89).
subviscosa Beeli [BEE31] [BUY94] [GIL41] [PSS97]
[ B ] (Burundi, Congo*, Zambia.)
Margin of cap becoming distinctly striate; volval sac thick on totally
elongating stipe; flocculence on upper stipe; exannulate or soon becoming so.
Spores [BEE31]: 6 - 7 × 3 - 3.5 µm; est. Q’ = 2.0.
Spores of type [GIL41]: [8/1/1] 7.3 - 9.9 × 3.3 - 4.2 µm, (Q = 1.98 - 2.48; Q = 1.19).
subviscosa sensu Pegler & Shah-Sm.
[PSS97] [ B ] ( Zambia.)
Note: scaled drawing in [PSS97] is half the size of the cap measurements
given in the text. Probably not correctly determined as A. subviscosa Beeli.
Spores [PSS97]: 9.5 - 12 × 5 - 6 µm, (L = 10.7 ± 0.9 µm; W = 5.7 ± 0.32 µm; Q = 1.89).
[ top of current section --
Amidella ]
Section Lepidella
-- Margin of pileus appendiculate, usually not striate. When a limbate
volva is present, it is usually rather thin. [ top ]
[ full site list for sect. Lepidella ]
•
afrospinosa
Pegler & Shah-Sm.
[PSS97] [ B ]
( Zambia*,
Zimbabwe.)
Amanita subsect. Solitariae,
s
tirps Polypyramis?. Apparently, this species is
liable to parasitization resulting in the context taking on a yellowing
reaction to cutting or bruising that the species ordinarily does not
have.
Spores [PSS97]: 8 - 9 × 4 - 5 µm, (<>L’ = 8.35±0.8 µm; W’ = 4.7±0.33 µm;
Q’ = 1.76).
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]: [100/5/2] (6.5-) 7.4 - 9.3 (-11.0) × (4.4-)
4.5 - 5.9 (-7.0) µm, (L = 7.6 - 9.1; L’ = 8.4 µm; W =
5.1 - 5.4 µm; W’ = 5.2 µm; Q = (1.29-) 1.42 - 1.86 (-2.04); Q = 1.46 - 1.78;
Q’ = 1.62).
amanitoides
Beeli) Bas [BEE32] [BAS69]
[ B ] (Congo*, Zambia?.) Amanita subsect.
Solitariae, stirps Longipes. Pileus dingy whitish with yellowish
stains.
Spores [BAS69]: (8.5-) 9 - 11 (-12) × 4.5 - 6 µm; Q = 1.9 - 1.95.
aureofloccosa Bas [BAS69] [CB62] [Kew6] [ B ]
(Congo*, Tanzania, "common in West Africa.")Amanita subsect. Vittadiniae,
stirps Thiersii.
Spores [BAS69]: (6-) 7 - 8.5 (-9) × (6-) 6.5 - 8.5 µm; Q =1.0 - 1.1; est. Q’ = 1.05.
•
crassiconus Bas nom. prov.
[BAS69] [ B ]
(Nigeria, Zambia
.) Amanita subsect.
Solitariae, stirps Crassiconus. Pileus and universal veil gray,
somewhat reminiscent of A. magniverrucata
Thiers & Ammirati in that the universal veil remains attached to the
pileus context by hyphae that do not gelatinize. There is no distinct
pileipellis. Tissue of the universal veil has plentiful hyphae and is
disordered. Basidia commonly have small clamps.
Spores [BAS69]: (7-) 8 - 10 (-10.5) × 6.5 - 7.5
(-8) µm; Q = 1.1 - 1.5; Q’ = 1.3.
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]: [100/5/4] (7.2-)
8.5 - 10.8 (-16.8) × (5.9-) 6.5 - 8.0 (-11.5) µm, (L = 9.0 - 9.8 µm; L’ = 9.4 µm; W =
7.1 - 7.4 µm; W’ = 7.3 µm; Q = (1.13-) 1.19
- 1.43 (-1.46); Q = 1.25 - 1.35; Q’ = 1.30).
• foetidissima
D. A. Reid & Eicker [MycRes:91] [PSS97]
[ B ]
(South Africa*, Zambia
.)
Amanita subsect. Vittadiniae, stirps Nauseosa. This species is very similar to
A. nauseosa (Wakef.) D. A. Reid.
Spores [MycRes:91]: 7.0 -10.0 × 6.0 - 8.0 µm; est.
Q’ = 1.30.
Spores [from paratype mat’l.]: [10/1/1] (8.3-) 9.0 - 10.6 (-11.5) × 7.0 - 8.5
(-9.0) µm, (L = 10.0 µm; L’ = 10.0 µm; W =
7.7 µm; W’ = 7.7 µm; Q = 1.22 - 1.38 (-1.53); Q = 1.29;
Q’ = 1.29).
labordei Bouriquet
[BOU42] [ B ] (Malagasay*.) Poorly understood species found
only in Eucalyptus plantations, possibly
infected by the "yellowing syndrome."
Spores [BOU42]: 9 - 12.5 × 5.5 - 7 µm, with approx.
Q’ = 1.7.
• lanosa
Beeli [BAS69] [BEE31] [BUY94] [ B ]
(Burundi, Congo*, Zambia
.) Amanita subsection Solitariae, stirps
Chlorinosma. D. Arora’s material is immature, but can be determined via [BAS69].
Spores [BAS69]: 7 - 8 (-9) × 7 - 8 (-9) µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.05 (-1.15); est. Q’ = 1.02.
lanosula
Bas [BAS69] [ B ]
(Congo*.) Amanita subsect. Solitariae, stirps Chlorinosma.
Spores
[BAS69]: 8 - 10 × 5.5 - 6.5 µm; Q = 1.5 - 1.6.
miomboensis
Pegler & Shah-Sm. [PSS97]
[ B ] (Zambia*.) Amanita
subsect. Solitariae, stirps ?.
Spores [PSS97]: 8.5 - 10 × 5.5 - 6.5 µm, (L’ = 9.3±0.5 µm; W’
= 6.3±0.3 µm; Q’ = 1.49).
• odorata Beeli [BAS69] [BEE31] [BUY94]
[ B ]
(Burundi, Congo*, Zambia
.) Amanita subsect.
Solitariae, stirps Cinereoconia.
Pileus bears bluish green to greenish to greenish or olivaceous gray, powdery volva forming pyramidal
warts over disc; almond odor is exuded when stipe is cut or broken.
Spores [BAS69]: 8 - 13 (-15) × 4.5 - 5.5 (-6.5) µm;
Q = 1.85 - 2.4.
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]:
[100/5/3] (8.3-) 9.1 - 12.0 (-12.4) × (4.0-) 4.4 - 5.1 (-5.5) µm, (L = 9.6 - 11.1 µm;
L’ = 10.3 µm; W = 4.7 - 4.9 µm; W’ = 4.8 µm; Q = (1.70-) 1.86
- 2.49 (-2.76); Q = 1.95 - 2.35; Q’ = 2.17).
pleropus
(Kalchbr. & MacOwan) D. A. Reid [REI75]
[MycRes:91] [ReiEic96] [PSS97]
[ B ]
(South Africa*,
Zambia.) Amanita subsect. Vittadiniae, stirps Vittadinii.
Spores
[MycRes:91]: 10.0 - 14.0 × 7.0 - 9.5 µm, (est. Q’ = 1.50).
Spores from
gills [ReiEic96]: 9.0 - 11.5 × 6.2 - 8.0 µm, (est. Q’ = 1.45).
Spores from
print [ReiEic96]: 10.0 - 12.0 (-13.0) × 7.5 - 9.0 (-11.0) µm, (est. Q’ = 1.35).
praeclara (Pearson) Bas
[BAS69] [MycRes:91] [PSS97] [ B ]
(South Africa*,
Zambia.)
Amanita subsect. Vittadiniae, stirps Thiersii. Context stains lemon yellow to sulfur
yellow; reaction paler on pileus surface.
Spores [BAS69]: 8 - 9.5 (-10) × 8 - 9 (-10) µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.05; est. Q’ = 1.02.
•
pulverulenta Beeli
[BAS69] [BUY94] [RYV94] [ B ]
(Burundi, Congo*, Zambia
.) Amanita subsect. Solitariae, stirps Polypyramis.
Bas maintained that this name was a posterior taxonomic synonym of A.
boudieri. As a consequence, central African material has been
reported under the latter name. Arora’s material shows the membranous
annulus reported for A. pulverulenta and
microscopically is a very good match to Bas’ information about the type
of A. pulverulenta (BR).
Spores from type and "co-type" material of A. pulverulenta [BAS69]: [20/2/2] (10-) 10.5 -
12 (-13.5) × (4.5-) 5 - 6.5 µm; Q = 1.8 - 2.2 (-2.7); Q' = 2.1.
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]: [50/1/1] (9.0-) 10.0 - 12.3 (-12.7) × (5.5-) 5.6 -
7.0 (-7.4) µm, (L = 10.9 µm; L’ = 10.9 µm; W =
6.2 µm; W’ = 6.2 µm; Q = (1.62-) 1.64 - 1.90 (-1.96); Q = 1.76; Q’ = 1.76).
robusta Bouriquet var. robusta
[BOU41] [BAS69] [
B ] (Malagasay*.) non
A. robusta Beeli. Amanita subsect. Solitariae, stirps ?.
Poisonous to dogs.
Spores [BOU41]: 8.5 - 11.5 × 5 - 7 µm, est. Q’ = 1.65.
robusta var. spinosa Bouriquet
[BOU41] [BAS69] [ B ]
(Malagasay*.) Amanita subsect. Solitariae, stirps
?.
Bas felt that this would prove to be a distinct sp. from robusta Bouriquet.
Poisonous to dogs.
Spores: ?.
roseolescens (Pearson) Bas [BAS69] [MycRes:91]
[ B ]
(South Africa*.) Amanita subsect. Vittadiniae, stirps Nauseosa.
Spores [BAS69]: 9 - 11 (-12) × 8 - 10 (-10.5) µm; Q = 1.15.
• singeri Bas
[BEL82??] [ B ]
(South Africa.) Amanita subsect. Vittadiniae, stirps Vittadinii.
Spores [southern European and Argentine mat’l.]: [178/10/7] (6.0-) 7.5 - 11.0
(-15.4) × (4.5-) 4.9 - 7.5 (-9.5) µm, (L =
(7.1-) 7.6 - 10.0 µm; L’ = 9.1 µm; W = (4.9-) 5.6 - 7.2 µm; W’ = 6.6 µm; Q = (1.12-) 1.21 - 1.60 (-2.0);
Q = 1.23 - 1.42 (-1.60); Q’ = 1.39).
solitaria (Bull. : Fr.) Mérat [BAS69] [RAW93]
[ B ]
(South Africa.) =echinocephala (Vitt.) Quél. Amanita subsect.
Solitariae, stirps Solitaria. Probably this name is used in
South Africa to represent one or more taxa that are not the European species.
Spores [BAS69]: 9.0 - 12.0 (-14.5) × 6.0 - 8.0 (-11.5) µm; Q = 1.3 - 1.75.
strobiliformis (Paul. ex Vitt.) Bertillon
sensu auct. [BAS69] [BER80] [RAW93] [RYV94]
[ B ]
(Algeria, Morocco, South Africa.) Amanita subsect. Solitariae, stirps
Strobiliformis. Probably this name is used in South Africa to represent one or more taxa
that are not the European species.
Spores [BAS69]: 10 - 13.5 (-14.5) × 7 - 8.5 (-9.5) µm; Q = 1.4 - 1.6.
veldiei D. A. Reid & Eicker [MycRes:91]
[ B ]
(South Africa*.) Amanita subsect.
Vittadiniae, stirps Hesleri?.
Spores [MycRes:91]: 12.0 - 15.0 × 7.0 - 8.0 µm; est. Q’ = 1.80.
[ top of current
section -- Lepidella ]
Section Phalloideae
(Pileus margin not appendiculate. Stipe having
bulbous base with limbate volva.) [ top
] [
full site list for sect. Phalloideae ]
alliiodora Pat.
[GIL41] [PFI80] [ B ] (Malagasay*.)
Spores of
type [GIL41]: [2/1/1] 8.5 - 9.6 × 7.8 - 8.7 µm, (Q = 1.06 - 1.13; Q = 1.09).
 •
marmorata Cleland & E.-J. Gilbert
[GIL41] [REI80] [EGR93] [MHW96]
[ B ]
(Australia*, S. Africa, USA (Hawaii)) =A. marmorata subsp. myrtacearum O. K. Mill. et al. =A. reidii Eicker & Greuning in Eicker,
Greuning & D. A. Reid. Quite likely to have been introduced from Australia.
Spores (REI80): 7.0 - 9.5 × 5.0 - 7.5 (-8.0) µm;
est. Q’ = 1.2 - 1.4.
Spores [EGR93]: 7.0 - 10.0 × 6.0 - 9.0 µm; est. Q’ = 1.14 - 1.31.
Spores: [80/4/1] (6.8-) 7.5 - 10.0 (-11.8) × (5.8-) 6.2 - 8.0 (-9.5) µm, (L = 8.1 - 9.1 µm;
L’ = 8.6 µm; W = 6.8 - 7.2 µm; W’ = 7.0 µm; Q = (1.06-) 1.11
- 1.40 (-1.67); Q = 1.17 - 1.29; Q’ = 1.22).
murinacea Pat. [GIL41] [PFI80] [ B ]
(Malagasay*.)
Spores of type [GIL41]: [2/1/1] 8.0 - 8.1 × 6.9 - 7.3 µm, (Q = 1.10 - 1.17; Q = 1.14).
• phalloides
(Fr. : Fr.) Link [BER65] [Kew6]
[MycRes:91] [ B ]
(Malagasay, Morocco, South Africa ("introduced"), Tanzania ("introduced"),
Zambia
("might be introduced").) At least some
South African material previously determined as A.
phalloides is A. marmorata.
Spores [from European, American, and Malagasay mat’l.]: [296/15/14] (7.5-) 8.0 - 10.1 (-13.5) ×
(5.5-) 6.1 - 8.0 (-10.5) µm, (L = 8.3 - 9.3 (-9.5) µm; L’ = 8.9 µm; W =
(6.4-) 6.8 - 7.4 µm; W’ = 7.1 µm; Q = (1.03-) 1.12 - 1.47 (-1.70); Q = 1.20 - 1.33
(-1.40); Q’ = 1.26).
strophiolata Beeli var. strophiolata
[BEE27] [GIL41] [BerBoi66]
[ B ] (Cameroon, Congo*.)
Dirty white species, with no bulb at stipe base; cap is often very thin, umbonate, and can become
markedly striate; annulus is small, thin, membranous, persistent,
concolorous, sometimes infundibuliform. According to [GIL41] the spores
have slightly thickened walls, and some have numerous hyaline striations
spiraling around them. RET found some such spores on Arora 00-402, but
they don’t appear to be Amanita spores; something else appears
unusual—Gilbert’s measurements of spores of Beeli types are usually
larger than Beeli’s measurements from the same material, but not in this case. Review of the type is needed.
Spores [BEE27]: 10 - 11 × 6 - 7 µm; est. Q’ = 1.6.
Spores of type [GIL41]: [5/1/1] 8.8- 10.5 × 5.2 - 6.3 µm, (L = 9.8 µm; W = 5.6 µm;
Q = (1.40-) 1.57 - 1.91; Q = 1.75).
• strophiolata var. bingensis Beeli [BEE31] [GIL41]
[ B ]
(Congo*.) Gilbert [GIL41] believed this
variety to be contaxic with the type variety (above). Goossens’
watercolor shows a thin, sheathing volva in cross-section—possibly
thinner than that in the type variety. According to the protologue, this
var. differs by having a yellowish white cap with a pale ochraceous
center that is not always umbonate, a dependent annulus (contradicting
Goossens watercolor of the same collection and at least one specimen of the holotype), and smaller spores
(disproved by [GIL41]).
Spores [BEE31]: 7 - 9 × 4 - 5.5 µm; est. Q’ = 1.7.
Spores of original material [GIL41]: [5/1/1] (8.5-) 9.3 - 10.3 × 5.5 - 6.5 (-7.0) µm, (L = 9.7
µm; W = 6.1 µm; Q = (1.21-) 1.51 - 1.69; Q = 1.61).
Spores from one basidiome of holotype from BR: [59/1/1] (6.5-) 6.8 - 9.3 (-10.3) × (4.0-) 4.6 - 6.0 (-6.5) µm,
(L = 7.9 µm; W = 5.3 µm; Q = (1.23-) 1.35 - 1.68 (-1.82); Q = 1.49). [It is my
impression that the spore distribution was abnormal (with the average length low, possibly resulting in lower
Q than would be found in spores from more recent, well-collected, well-dried material.]
thejoleuca Pat. [GIL41] [PFI80] [ B ] (Malagasay*.)
Spores of type [GIL41] (none correctly oriented): 8.6 - 10.3 × 7.7 - 10.3
µm.
[ top of current section --
Phalloideae
]
Section Validae -- Pileus margin not
appendiculate. Stipe with bulbous base, never having saccate volva,
sometimes with subabrupt bulb having fragments of limbate volva.) [ top ]
[ full site list for sect.
Validae ]
echinulata
Beeli [BEE27] [BAS69] [ B ]
(Congo*.)
Spores [BEE27]: 5.5 - 6.5 × 4.5 - 5.5 µm; est. Q’ =
1.20)
Spores [GIL41]: [3/?/?] 5.3 - 5.7 × 5.0 - 5.2 µm; Q =
1.04 - 1.10; Q’ =1.07.
• excelsa
(Fr.) Bertillon in Dechambre [BER65]
[MycRes:91] [RYV94] [ B ]
(Morocco, South Africa
("introduced" per [MycRes:91], but doesn’t appear to RET to be the
European sp.), Zambia, Zimbabwe ("introduced").) At least some S.
African mat’l. is not contaxic with the European species.
Spores [from European mat’l.]: [40/2/1] (7.0-) 7.5
- 10.5 (-13.5) × (5.3-) 5.8 - 7.5 (-8.6) µm, (L = 8.3 - 9.4 µm; L’ = 8.9 µm; W =
6.2 - 6.9 µm; W’ = 6.6 µm; Q = (1.23-) 1.24
- 1.52 (-1.57); Q = 1.34 - 1.36; Q’ = 1.35).
Spores
[from S. African mat’l.]: ?.
• fuliginosa Beeli [BEE27] [BEE35] [BAS69] [ B ] (Congo*, Zambia.) This
taxon is quite
extraordinary for its combination of a striate-sulcate pileus margin and amyloid spores.
Bas argues that the species belongs in section Validae [BAS69]. The new material is obviously
better preserved than the type and may help with the questions of
classification. A gray farinose, exannulate stipe is unusual in section
Validae.
Spores [BEE27]: (7-) 7.5 - 9 × 7 - 8.5 µm; est. Q’ = 1.06.
Spores
[GIL41] (only one spore correctly oriented): (8.5-) 9.4 (-10) × (7.5-)
7.7 (-9) µm; Q = 1.22.
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]: [20/1/1] (8.2-)
8.4 - 11.5 (-13.5) × 7.4 - 10.5 (-11.5) µm, (L = 10.0 µm; W =
8.8 µm; Q = (1.05-) 1.06 - 1.19 (-1.23); Q = 1.13).
• rubescens
Pers. : Fr. var. rubescens [BER65] [MycRes:91] [RAW93]
[RYV94] [PSS97] [ B ]
(Europe*, Malawi?, Morocco,
South Africa (introduced), Zambia?.) May have been introduced in some regions, but there may also be confusing
indigenous taxa that are rubescent; e.g., see [PSS97], which apparently misdetermines the following var.
Spores [European mat’l.]: [290/12/7] (7.0-) 8.0 -
10.6 (-12.5) × (5.2-) 5.5 - 7.0 (-8.0) µm, (L = 8.4 - 8.6 (-10.1) µm; L’ = 9.2 µm; W =
6.0 - 6.6 (-6.7) µm; W’ = 6.3 µm; Q =
(1.20-) 1.31 - 1.67 (-1.87); Q = 1.37 - 1.56
(-1.58); Q’ = 1.48).
Spores [S. Africa, poorly dried mat’l.]: [60/4/4]
(7.0-) 7.2 - 10.0 (-13.5) × (5.0-) 5.4 - 8.0 (-9.0) µm, (L = 7.9 - 8.5 µm; L’ = 8.4 µm; W =
5.7 - 6.6 µm; W’ = 6.3 µm; Q = (1.11-) 1.21
- 1.53 (-2.11); Q = 1.29 - 1.39; Q’ =
1.35).
 • rubescens
var. congolensis Beeli [BEE35] [GIL41] [BUY94]
[ B ]
(Burundi, Congo*, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.) Pileus and stipe staining brownish red; pileus white at
first; warts on pileus pyramidal, becoming dark brown to black; annulus
margin becoming dark brown to black.
Spores
[BEE35], protologue: 6 × 4.5 µm; est. Q’ = 1.35.
Spores [GIL41]: [6/1/1] 7.7 - 9.8 × 5.5 - 6.5 µm,
(L = 8.6 µm; W = 5.9 µm; Q = 1.45).
Spores [from D. Arora’s mat’l.]: [120/6/5] (6.3-) 7.1 - 10.5 (-11.8) × (4.3-) 4.6 - 6.0 (-6.9) µm, (L = 7.5 - 9.5 µm;
L’ = 8.6 µm; W = 5.0 - 5.6 µm; W’ = 5.3 µm; Q = (1.28-) 1.36 - 1.92 (-2.36);
Q = 1.44 - 1.81; Q’ = 1.65).
virella E.-J. Gilbert ex Singer [BEE31] [GIL41] [SIN51]
[BAS69] [ B ]
(Congo*.)
=virescens Beeli non virescens Pers.
Spores [BEE31]: 9 - 11 × 6.5 - 8 µm; est. Q’ = 1.38
Spores of type [from drawings in GIL41]: [6/1/1] 9.1 - 11.4 × 6 - 8 µm, (Q = 1.21 - 1.52;
Q = 1.39).
[ top of current section -- Validae ]
Excluded taxa, poorly known taxa, and taxa not yet categorized to
section.
[ top ]
calabarica Massee
[MAS10] [GIL41a] [
B ] (Nigeria*.) (Spores: 7 × 5 µm, with est. Q’ = 1.4)
capensis Pearson
& Stephens nom. inval. et dub. [SK53]
[RYV94] (South Africa.) (D. A. Reid & Eicker consider Stephens’
collection to be pale specimens of A.
phalloides; they did not find exsiccata. Ryvarden et al. illustrate
this entity under A. phalloides. It is
possible that it was A.
marmorata.)
chevalleri Hariot
& Pat. [PFI80] [
B ] (Malagasay?.) ( ??)
heinemanniana
Walleyn & Verbeken [WallVerb98] [ B ]
(Burundi*, Congo.)
( ?Article could not be found in library recently.
Spores: ?.)
praetoriae (Fr.)
Gillet nom. dub. [MycRes:91] [ B ] (South Africa.) Reid and Eicker feel that
discovery of new material should cause the publication of a new name due
to the confusion over this species in the literature. N.B.: Originally
described from North America.
BIBLIOGRAPHY [ top ] [ site level bibliography ]
...INCOMPLETE...
[BAS69] Bas, C. 1969. Morphology and subdivision of Amanita
and a monograph of its section Lepidella. Persoonia 5(4): 285-579.
[BAS82] Bas,
C. 1982. Studies in Amanita--II. Persoonia 11(4): 429-442.
[BEE27]
Beeli, M. 1927. Contribution à l’étude de la flore mycologique du Congo.
II. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 59:
101-112.
[BEE31]
Beeli, M. 1931. Contribution à l’étude de la flore mycologique du Congo.
Fungi Goossensiani. VIII. Genre Amanita Fr. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 63: 101-109, pl.
7-9.
[BEE32]
Beeli, M. 1932. Contribution à l’étude de la flore mycologique du Congo.
Fungi Goossensiani IX. Genre Lepiota
??.
Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 64: 206-222, pl.
??.
[BEE35]
Beeli, M. 1935. Flore iconographique des
champignons du Congo. (J. Lebègue, Brussels). 27 pp., 4 pl.
[BEE36]
Beeli, M. 1936. Contribution à l’étude de la flore mycologique du Congo.
XI. Fungi Goossensiani XII. Bull. Jard. Bot.
État 14: 83-91, pl. 2-3.
[BEL82]
Bellú, F. 1982. Amanita singeri Bas in
Sardegna. Boll. Gruppo Micol. G. Bresadola
25(1/2): 15-19.
[BER64]
Bertault, R. 1964 [1965]. Amanites du Maroc. Bull.
Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France 80(3): 364-384.
[BER65]
Bertault, R. 1965. Amanites du Maroc (2e
contribution). Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol.
France 81: 345-371.
[BER80]
Bertault, R. 1980. Amanites du Maroc (3e
contribution). Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol.
France 96(3): 271-287.
[BerBoi66]
Berthet, P. and J. Boidin. 1966. Observations sur quelques hyménomycètes
récoltés en Republique Camerounaise. Cah.
Maboké 4(1): 27-54.
[BOU41]
Bouriquet, M. G. 1941. Quelques macromycètes de Madagascar. Bull. Acad. Malgache 24: 61-64.
[BOU42]
Bouriquet, M. G. 1942-43. Notes de mycologie malgache. Bull. Acad. Malgache 25: 12-14,
planches.
[BUY94]
Buyck, B. 1994. Ubwoba: Les champignons
comestibles de l’ouest du Burundi. (Admin. Gén. Cooperation au
Developpement, Bruxelles). [ii]+123 pp.
[CHI85]
Chipompha, N. W. S. 1985. Some mushrooms of Malawi. Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Record 63:
54 pp. [n.v.]
[CB62]
Corner, E. J. H. and C. Bas. 1962. The genus Amanita in Singapore and Malaya. Persoonia. 2(3): 241-304.
[EGR93]
Eicker, A., J. V. van Greuning and D. A. Reid. 1993. Amanita reidii—a new species from South Africa.
Mycotaxon 47: 433-437.
[FOL49]
Foley, H. 1949. Une amanite nord-africaine nouvelle Amanita mairei Foley, n. sp. Travaux botaniques dédiés à René Maire. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N., Hors Sér. 2:
117-120 + pl. IV.
[FOL51]
Foley, H. 1951. Quelques observations nouvelles sur Amanita Mairei nob. Bull.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 42: 49-50.
[GAL00]
Foley, H. 2000. Due Amanita poco frequenti: Amanita gemmata fo. amici e Amanita
lepiotoides. Boll. Gruppo Micol. G.
Bresadola 43(2): 97-104.
[GIL41]
Gilbert, E.-J. 1940-41. Amanitaceae. Iconogr. Mycol. (Milan) 27, suppl. 1(1-3). xx +
427 pp. + pl.
[GIL41a]
Gilbert, E.-J. 1941. Notules sur les amanites. (Libraire E. Le François,
Paris, 23 pp. + 1 pl.
[GOR88]
Gorter, G. M. J. A. and A. Eicker. 1988. Gewone Afrikaanse en Engelse name
vir die meer algemene Suid-Afrikaanse sampioene en andere makroswamme. S. Afr. Tydsk. Natuurw. & Tegn. 7: 55-64. [n.v.]
[DEG91] De
Greef, J. F. Mallaisse, J. Rammeloo and J. Baudart. 1991. Edible mushrooms
of the Zambesian woodland area: a nutritional and ecological approach. Proc. XIIIth AETFAT Congr., (Malawi, 2-11 April). [n.v.]
[HAR92]
Härkönen, M. 1992. Wild mushrooms, a delicacy in Tanzania. Universitas Helsingiensis 1992(2): 29-31. [n.v.]
[HSM94]
Härkönen, M, T. Saarimäki, L. Mwasumbi. 1994. Tanzanian mushrooms and
their uses 4. Some reddish edible and poisonous Amanita species. Karstenia 34: 47-60.
[HEIM36]
Heim, R. 1936 Aperçu sur les champignons toziques et comestibles des
Colonies françaises. in Curasson, G. Pathol. Exotique Vetérin. Comparée 3:
1-31.
[HEIM40]
Heim, R. 1940. Une amanite moretelle de l’Afrique tropicale. Rev. Mycol. 5: 22-28.
[LL93]
Lavin, M. and M. Luckow. 1993. ?. Am. J. Bot 80: 1-14. [Relation of vascular plants
of Africa closer to those of North and Central America than to those of
South America.] [n.v.]
[LBR85]
Levin, M., M. Branch, S. Rappaport and D. Mitchell. 1985. A field guide to the mushrooms of South Africa.
Cape Town, Struik Publishers. 168 pp. [n.v.]
[MT83]
Merlo, E. G. and M. Traverso. 1983. Le
Amanite. (Sagep Editrice, Genoa). 151 pp.
[MCA00]
Migliozzi, V. and M. Camboni. 2000. Amanita
eliae ed Amanita eliae var. griseovelata stat.
nov.: descriione i raccolte laziali. Boll.
Gruppo Micol. G. Bresadola 43(2): 125-134.
[MOR84]
Morris, B. 1984. Macrofungi of Malawi. Some ethonobotanical notes. Bull. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 18: 48-57. [n.v.]
[MOR86]
Morris, B. 1986. Notes on the genus Termitomyces Heim in Malawi. Soc. Malawi J. 39: 40-49. [n.v.]
[MOR87]
Morris, B. 1987. Common mushrooms of Malawi.
(Fungiflora, Oslo). vi + 108 pp., pl.
[MOR90]
Morris, B. 1990. An annotated check-list of the macrofungi of Malawi. Kirkia 13: 323-364. [n.v.]
[PRT77]
Parent, G. and D. Thoen. 1977. Food value of edible mushrooms from
Upper-Shaba region. Econ. Bot. 31:
436-445.
[Kew6]
Pegler, D. N. 1978. A preliminary agaric flora of
east Africa. Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. VI. 615
pp.
[PP80]
Pegler, D. N. and G. D. Piearce. 1980. The edible mushrooms of Zambia. Kew Bull. 35(3): 475-491.
[PSS97]
Pegler, D. N. and D. Shah-Smith. 1997. The genus Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) in Zambia. Mycotaxon 61: 389-417.
[PFI80]
Pfister, D. H. 1980. Additions and corrections to the annotated index to
fungi described by N. Patouillard. Mycotaxon
11: 435-442.
[PCP93]
Poinar, H. N., R. J. Cano and G. O. Poinar, Jr. 1993. Nature 363: 677. [Relation of vascular plants of
Africa closer to those of North and Central America than to those of South
America.]
[RAW93]
Rammeloo, J. and R. Walleyn. 1993. The edible fungi of Africa south of the
Sahara. Scripta Bot. Belg. 5: 1-62.
[REI75]
Reid, D. A. 1975. Type studies of the larger basidiomycetes described from
southern Africa. Contrib. Bolus Herb. 7.
iv+255 pp.
[MycRes:91]
Reid, D. A. and A. Eicker. 1991. South Africa fungi: the genus Amanita. Mycological
Research 95(1): 80-95.
[ReiEic96]
Reid, D. A. and Reid, D. A. 1996. South African fungi. 4. Amanita pleropus (Kalchbr. & MacOwan) D. A.
Reid, a further collection of this South African species. S. African J. Bot. 62(3): 167-168.
[RYV94]
Ryvarden, L., G. D. Piearce, and A. J. Masuka. 1994. The larger fungi of south central Africa. (Baobab
Books, Harare). 200 pp. [with corrigenda].
[SIN51]
Singer, R. 1951 ["1949"]. The «Agaricales» (mushrooms) in modern taxonomy.
Lilloa 22: 5-832.
[SK53]
Stephens, E. L. and M. M. Kidd. 1953. Some South
African poisonous & inedible fungi. Longmans, Green & Co.,
Cape Town. viii + 31 pp. + pl.
[TUL94]
Tulloss, R. E. 1994. Type studies in Amanita
section Vaginatae I: Some taxa described in
this century (studies 1-23) with notes on the description of spores and
refractive hyphae in Amanita. Mycotaxon 52: 305-396.
[TUG00]
Tulloss, R. E. and A. Gminder. 2000. Amanita
lactea: stato attuale delle conoscenze su una specie relativamente
isolata della sezione Vaginatae. Boll. Gruppo Micol. G. Bresadola 43(2):
279-285.
[TIK01] Tulloss, R. E., S. H. Iqbal, A. N. Khalid, R. P. Bhatt and V. K. Bhatt.
2001. Studies in Amanita (Amanitaceae) from southern Asia. I. Some species of Pakistan’s Northwest Frontier Province.
Mycotaxon 77: 455-490.
[WAL96] Walleyn, R. 1996. Notes on Amanitopsis pudica
Beeli. Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 65: 215-218.
[WallRamm94] Walleyn, R. and J. Rammeloo. 1994. The poisonous and useful fungi of
Africa south of the Sahara: a literature survey. Scripta Bot. Belg. 10: 1-56.
[WallVerb98] Walleyn, R. and A. Verbeken. 1998. Notes on the genus Amanita in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 65: 215-218.
[WallVerb98a] Walleyn, R. and A. Verbeken. 1998. Notes on the genus Amanita in Sub-Saharan
Africa. Belgian J. Bot. 131(2): 156-161.
[WAB62] Watt, J. M. and M. G. Breyer-Brandwijk. 1962. Fungi. The medicinal and poisonous plants of Southern and
Eastern Africa. Edingburgh, Livingstone: 1094-1127. [n.v.]
[VWE83] van der Westhuizen, G. C. A. 1983. Sampioene en paddastoele/Mushrooms and
toadstools. Republic of South Africa. Dept. Agr. Bull. 396: 72 pp. [n.v.]
[WIL75] Williamson, J. 1975. Fungi. Useful plants of Malawi, rev. & extended ed. Zomba, Univ. of Malawi: 312-336. [n.v.]
[ top ]
Last changed 1 April 2009.
Page maintained by R. E. Tulloss.
Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by R. E. Tulloss.
Copyright notices for images appear on pages with brief descriptions of species depicted.
|