|
List of
Amanitaceae
in the
Great
Smoky Mountains National Park
R. E. Tulloss
P.O. Box 57, Roosevelt, NJ 08555-0057
Amanita taxonomy, systematics, etc.:
http://eticomm.com/~ret/amanita/
Similarity metric, biogeographical
affinity, mycological services:
http://www.amanitabear.com
send email
|
Cataloochee morning, October,
1999
|
This page provides a current view of Amanita
species and their distribution in the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park (GSMNP) based on monographic
literature and from unpublished data of R. E. Tulloss. If
this document is browsed while on-line, the "Amanita
Studies" link (above) and entries marked "[ page ]"
in the text will provide access to brief descriptions of
the relevant taxa and, in some cases, access to full
taxonomic descriptions.
For the purposes of this
study, we have confirmed 63
taxa in Amanita and 1 in Limacella known
definitively to occur in GSMNP based on monographic
literature, Hesler's Notebooks and photographs, the
University of Tennesee herbarium (TENN), and Tulloss'
unpublished data including data from the 1999-2006 collecting
years of the GSMNP fungal All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory
(ATBI) project. The names of confirmed taxa
listed for the Park prior to the Fungal TWIG work in the ATBI appear in the list in black
bold italic type.
Names new to the list
since the beginning of the Fungal TWIG work in the ATBI,
appear in red bold italic type.
At present, 34
names on the list are in this category. These names are included
in the count of confirmed taxa.
Names that are based on probably
correct field IDs appear in green bold
italic type. At present 7
names on the list are in this latter
category; these are not included in the count of
"confirmed" taxa.
Of the taxa that have been
confirmed for the Park, it is worth noticing that 22
(over one third of the
confirmed taxa) have not been described or are known
under a misapplied or provisional name and will require validation or description as new.
Such taxa are marked in this
document with a bold face, white asterisk (*).
In addition, two of the green bold italic taxa bear the white
asterisk.
At least 110
taxa of the Amanitaceae
are known to
be present or are possibly or probably present (including
taxa known from surrounding areas in, or close to,
the Appalachian Mountains in Kentucky, North and South Carolina,
Tennessee, and West Virginia); and surely there is more than
one taxon belonging to Limacella in the park. Based on my
30+ years of collecting in the
northeastern U.S., several trips to eastern Texas and the
Gulf Coast, 5 trips for collecting in central Mexico
(which shares several taxa with the Smokies), and one collecting trip in
the Cordillera Talamanca (Costa Rica) as well as review of large
numbers of collections by others ranging southward to the Quercus
forests of Andean Colombia, I believe
it is reasonable to assume that future lists will include
as many as 200 confirmed taxa of the Amanitaceae in
the Park.
RET's 2004 and 2006 collecting in
the Park were largely supported by the Biology Department of the University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, based on a National Science Foundation grant.
I express my gratitude to Drs. Karen Hughes and Ronald H. Petersen for
their support and for their inclusion of me in the process.
To all ATBI
and mycoblitz participants: Good hunting!
-- RET
Background Image:
"Ed Lickey gets the whole thing," starring Ed
& Amanita daucipes.
Photos by Dr. D. J. Lodge. Manipulation with Photoshop by RET.
[ Introduction
]
[ Interpreting
this checklist ]
[
Amanita
section Amanita ]
[
Amanita
section Vaginatae ]
[
Amanita
section Amidella ]
[
Amanita
section Lepidella ]
[
Amanita
section Phalloideae ]
[
Amanita
section Validae ]
[
Limacella
]
[
Literature
Cited ]
[ Amanita Studies Website
]
Interpreting
this checklist
Herbarium codes
not in Index Herbariorum:
Other symbols and codes:
-
BAS69 = cited
in 1969
thesis of C. Bas [authority accepted unless otherwise stated]
-
DJL = initial letters
of a D. J. Lodge collection number
-
FU- = prefix to 1999
ATBI collection numbers
-
H- = prefix to TENN
numbers that are Hesler collections
-
HN = Hesler's
Notebooks
-
HPL = Hesler-Petersen
List [GSMNP ATBI fungal TWIG base-line]
-
JE77 = cited in
1977
thesis of D. T. Jenkins [authority accepted unless otherwise
stated]
-
LLN = initial letters
of a L. L. Norvell collection number
-
TFB = Tennessee Field
Books of R. H. Petersen
-
u.d. = unpublished
data of Tulloss
Vouchers: In the following lists of
species, each element known from the park is followed by
a list of the sites in GSMNP from which that element is
known. Lists of herbaria in which vouchers from a
given site have been reviewed or are known to exist are
provided in square brackets. Each herbarium
abbreviation is followed by one or more references
in parentheses. (See the "Literature Cited"
section at end of this list.) When collecting
numbers are known, they are provided after the square
brackets. When definitive
determinations of such collections are available, an ATBI collection
number or other collection number will be added to the information for
the relevant name in bold face type. For many of Hesler's collections
there are diagnosable photographs in TENN. Question marks before a
locality name indicate uncertainty of diagnosis of the collection, not
of the locality.
Spore data has been
added for many species. If the amount of data is very limited for
a given species, it is derived from the literature. The format for
RET's spore data is explained here.
[ Introduction
]
[ Interpreting
this checklist ]
[ Amanita
section Amanita ]
[
Amanita
section Vaginatae ]
[
Amanita
section Amidella ]
[
Amanita
section Lepidella ]
[
Amanita
section Phalloideae ]
[
Amanita
section Validae ]
[
Limacella
]
[
Literature
Cited ]
[ Amanita Studies Website
]
[top]
[skip section]
Amanita
section Amanita
[12 (13) known from park of 17+ probable]
1
-
Amanita
agglutinata (Berk. & Curt. in Berk.)
Lloyd [ image
] [ page
]
Collected within the last few
decades in Kentucky (photograph). Cap probably is
significantly paler when expanded (original description says it is
white -- a term used for a wide range of pallid coloration in the
19th C. literature. TENN records
not revised by Jenkins or a later author are
probably assignable to one of the taxa of section
Amidella. Spores per type study of JE77:
9 - 12.5 × 5.5 - 8 µm, (Q = 1.40 - 1.90; Q' = 1.62)
Spores from single Kentucky specimen [RET]: [20/1/1]
8.5 - 11 (-14.8) x (5.5-) 6.0 - 7.2 (-7.5) µm,
(L =
10.5 µm; L’ =
10.5 µm; W =
6.6 µm; W’ =
6.6 µm; Q = (1.40-) 1.42 - 1.77 (-2.28); Q
= 1.59; Q’
= 1.59).
2 
-
Amanita albocreata G. F. Atk.
[ image
] [ page
]
Known in association with Tsuga
and Abies as far north as central Québec and the Island of
Newfoundland. The central Appalachians are the southern limit of the
known range. Spores:
[121/6/6] (7.3-) 7.7 - 9.5 (-11.6) × 6.6 - 8.4 (-9.4) µm,
(L = 8.1 - 9.0 µm; L’ = 8.7 µm; W = 7.1 - 8.1 µm; W’ =
7.6 µm;
Q = (1.0-) 1.04 - 1.23 (-1.32); Q = 1.10 - 1.16; Q’ = 1.14).
Indian
Creek [TENN RET(u.d.)] H-24419
3 
-
Amanita farinosa
Schwein. [ image
] [ page
]
Known in association with Quercus
from southern Québec to the Cordillera Talamanca of Costa
Rica. Spores: [160/8/8] (6.0-) 6.5 - 8.8 (-10.5) × (5.2-) 5.5 - 7.0 (-9.0) µm,
(L = (6.8-) 7.1 - 8.0 µm; L’ = 7.4 µm; W = 5.8 - 6.4 (-6.5) µm; W’ = 6.1 µm;
Q = (1.03-) 1.08 - 1.38 (-1.47); Q = 1.15 - 1.27 (-1.31); Q’ =
1.22).
Alum Cave trailhead
[RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-C
Baskin's Ridge
trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-AC
Cades Cove [DTJ, TENN (JE77)] H-24526
Cades Cove, Picnic Area [RET (u.d.), TENN] H-??
Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0334
Grotto Falls Tr. [RET
(u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-P
Madrone Bald tr. head [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-30-06-G
4 
-
Amanita frostiana
(Peck) Sacc. [ image
] [ page
]
Central Appalachians are the known southern limit of its
range. The northern limit is in Québec. Spores:
[199/10/6] (7.5-) 8.5 - 10.5 (-12.5) × (7.5-) 7.8 - 9.8 (-11.3) µm,
(L = (8.5-) 9.0 - 9.6 µm; L’ = 9.2 µm; W = (8.1-) 8.5 - 9.2 µm;
W’ = 8.7 µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.12 (-1.17); Q = (1.04-) 1.05 - 1.08; Q’ =
1.06).
Cades Cove [DTJ, TENN (JE77)] H-21667
-
Amanita gemmata* sensu Dav. T.
Jenkins
The epithet "gemmata"
applies to a Eurasian taxon that is apparently not present in N.
America. Amanita
russuloides (Peck) Sacc. & other spp. fall within Jenkins'
rather broad concept of A. gemmata. The latter name has been applied to other taxa in the
Americas including A. xylinivolva Tulloss, Overbo &
Halling and A. aprica J. Lindgr. & Tulloss, and several
still undescribed species. At present, the
appearance of this name in checklists is not useful for such
things as biogeographical comparisons.
Cades Cove [TENN, (JE77)] H-26109, H-28212, H-29719
?Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)]
Parsons Branch [DTJ (JE77)]
Roaring Fork [DTJ (JE77)]
-
Amanita
monticulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. [
page
]
The cap color of this species is unknown. No
illustration of the species is known.
Jenkins stated that it was distinguished by the pointed warts on
the cap and a felted patch of volva at the top of the basal bulb
as well as by the size and shape of the spores. Originally
described from South Carolina. Spores per type study of
JE77:
9.8 - 11.2 × 7.0 - 8.0 (-9.0) µm, (Q = 1.19 - 1.50; Q' =
1.35).
7 
-
Amanita multisquamosa
Peck [ image
] [ page
]
[=A. cothurnata
G. F. Atk.]
[=A. pantherina
var. multisquamosa (Peck) Dav. T. Jenkins]
Range data for this species is not well established.
It certainly exists as far north as southern Canada. Spores: [72/4/4] (6.6-) 7.0 - 11.2 (-15.0) × (5.2-) 5.6 - 8.4 (-8.7) µm,
(L = 7.8 - 9.8 µm; L’ = 8.8 µm; W = 6.3 - 7.1 µm; W’ = 6.7 µm;
Q = (1.05-) 1.12 - 1.50 (-1.58); Q = 1.22 - 1.39; Q’ = 1.31).
Cades Cove [DTJ, TENN (JE77)] H-18566, H-25623
rd. btwn. Cherokee
Orchard & Grotto Falls trailhead [RET (u.d.)]
RET 7-12-04-N
Elkmont [TENN (JE77)]
H-10405, H-24600
Noland Crk. Tr.
[TENN/RET (u.d.)] RET 7-11-04-A
Roaring Fork [DTJ (JE77)]
8  
-
Amanita muscaria var. guessowii
Veselý [image] [page]
[=Amanita muscaria var. formosa sensu Dav. T.
Jenkins]
Range for this species extends
at least to central Quebec and the Island of Newfoundland.
The author is uncertain of its southern limit. One of the
causes of uncertainty is that the purple pigment in "red fly
agarics" is rather quickly destroyed in sunlight.
Hence, "yellow" or "orange" taxa are reported
from regions in which var. guessowii does not exist.
Spores: [120/6/6] (7.0-) 8.7 - 12.2 (-14.8) × (5.9-) 6.5 - 8.2 (-9.5) µm,
(L = 9.2 - 11.4 µm; L’ = 10.5 µm; W = 7.1 - 7.8 µm; W’ = 7.5 µm; Q = (1.09-) 1.27 - 1.56 (-1.70);
Q = 1.30 - 1.49; Q’ = 1.42).
Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0002, FU-0110, FU-0338
9
-
Amanita
muscaria var. persicina
Dav. T. Jenkins [ image
] [ page]
This taxon is distinguishable
by the limited about of volval remnants on the stipe base, the
median annulus, the stipe pigmentation (yellow above, white below), and
somewhat narrower spores than in var. guessowii. It
is generally considered a taxon of the SE USA, but has recently
been found as far north as Long Island, New York and Sussex Co.,
NJ. A recent collection
was displayed at the 2006 NAMA Regional Foray
at Wildacres, North Carolina. Spores: [202/10/7] (8.0-)
9.2 - 12.0 (-15.8) × (5.5-) 6.4 - 8.3 (-11.1) µm,
(L = 9.8 - 11.1 (-11.4) µm; L’ = 10.6 µm; W = 6.8 - 7.6
(-7.8) µm;
W’ = 7.3 µm;
Q = (1.19-) 1.33 - 1.61 (-1.75); Q = 1.43 - 1.50 (-1.52); Q’ =
1.46).
Cades Cove [DTJ (JE77)] !!TYPE LOCALITY!!
10   
-
Amanita parcivolvata
(Peck) E.- J. Gilbert [image] [page]
This species is exannulate from
the outset. From the top, this species (especially when lacking volval warts) can
suggest A. jacksonii of Amanita sect. Vaginatae.
The range of this species extends from New Jersey to the Gulf
Coast. Spores: [87/5/4] (8.4-) 9.1 - 11.5 (-12.6) ×
(5.6-) 6.3 - 7.9 (-8.0) µm, (L = 9.9 - 10.9 µm; L’ = 10.4 µm;
W = 6.7 - 7.3 µm; W’ = 7.0 µm;
Q = (1.26-) 1.31 - 1.64 (-1.67); Q = 1.38 - 1.55; Q’ = 1.48).
Cades Cove [TENN (JE77)] H-23050
11.  
 
-
Amanita pubescens
sensu Coker [image]
It has not been established that
Coker's taxon is indeed the species described by Schweinitz.
However, it appears to be a distinct taxon. Coker may have
mixed some collections of his pubescens with exannulate
collections of recutita sensu Coker (lower pair of images; see
below). Notice the somewhat radicating bulb (to which
Coker called attention) in the present taxon. Photographs
are by W. C. Coker from (Coker, 1917).
Spore measurements from Coker (1917): 9 - 14.4 × 5 - 7.2
µm. Estimated Q = . Note spore similarity to A.
recutita sensu Coker. That species has a hollow stipe
and a partial veil.
12.
 
-
Amanita
roseitincta (Murrill) Murrill [
image ] [ page
]
[=A. komarekensis Dav. T. Jenkins & Vinopal]
Unique in
Western Hemisphere amanitas in having a three layered volva
comprising a membranous layer, a layer of pyramidal grayish warts,
and a layer of pinkish or orangish pulverulence. The
underside of the partial veil is pink or orange-white before
fading. The range of this species extends from New Jersey to
central Mexico. Spores: [60/3/3] (8.2-) 9.0 - 11.5 (-14.4) ×
(5.9-) 6.0 - 8.5 (-10.0) µm,
(L = 9.7 - 10.4 µm; L' = 10.0 µm; W = 6.9 - 7.6 µm; W'
= 7.2 µm; Q = ( 1.15-) 1.21 - 1.66 (-1.74); Q = 1.38 -
1.44; Q' = 1.40).
13  
-
Amanita velatipes G.
F. Atk. [image] [page]
[ = Amanita
pantherina var. velatipes (G. F. Atk.)
Dav. T. Jenkins]
Considered a species of the NE USA and SE Canada.
Reliable, detailed range data, not known to the author.
Spores: 7.9 - 13.2 × 6.3 - 7.9 µm; Q’ = 1.43.
Cades Cove [TENN (JE77)] H-21464, H-22582
?Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0553
Cherokee Orchard
[TENN (JE77)] H-12711
Keener House [TENN or
MICH (HN)] A. H. Sm. 9653
Mt. LeConte [TENN (JE77)] H-26285
Roaring Fork [DTJ (JE77)]
14  
-
Amanita wellsii
(Murrill) Murrill [ image
] [ page
]
Known from north of the tree line
in eastern Canada with Alnus and in a variety of heaths
with dwarf Betula, dwarf Salix, Empetrum, and/or Vaccinium;
elsewhere, associates may include Vaccinium (in cultivated
blueberry fields), Betula, Populus, and (?)conifers. The central
Appalachians is the known southern limit of this taxon's
range. Note the degree of fading due to exposure to sunlight
in the pilei depicted above. Spores: [395/19/14] (8.7-) 10.5 -
13.8 (-18.0) × (4.9-) 5.6 - 8.4 (-10.8) µm,
(L = (10.6-) 11.5 - 13.0 (-13.2) µm; L’ = 12.0 µm; W = (5.3-) 6.7 -
7.6 (-8.6) µm;
W’ = 7.1 µm;
Q = (1.39-) 1.50 - 1.94 (-2.62); Q = (1.52-) 1.62 - 1.76 (-1.92); Q’ =
1.69).
Newfound Gap [TENN (JE77)] H-21487
Smokemont [TENN (JE77)] H-20522
15  
-
Amanita
sp. 32 (=
praecox Lamoureux
nom.
prov. )*
[ image
]
This is a new species, also known from
similar habitat to that in which it is found in GSMNP (mixed
forest including Tsuga) in New York, Pennsylvania, & Prov.
Québec. Prior to the publication of Lamoureux's provisional
name, RET knew the species as "Amanita sp. 32."
On the Island of Newfoundland, the species occurs with conifers
other than Tsuga. The name "A. gemmata"
has undoubtedly been applied to this taxon. At present, the
central Appalachians is the known southern limit of this taxon's
range. Spores: [286/14/13] (6.3-) 7.3 - 9.8 (-12.6) × (5.6-) 7.0 - 9.1 (-11.9) µm,
(L = (7.6-) 7.9 - 9.3 µm; L’ = 8.6 µm; W = (7.1-) 7.3 - 8.4 µm;
W’ = 7.9 µm;
Q = 1.0 - 1.17 (-1.42); Q = 1.05 - 1.10 (-1.11); Q’ = 1.08).
Cades Cove, Anthony Creek Tr. [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB 13224)
Cades Cove, ca. Primitive Baptist Church [TENN (u.d.)] 60935
(=TFB 13108)
Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0109, FU-0237
Greenbrier, Whaley Cemetery (manway above) [TENN (u.d.)] ??
(=TFB 13219)
Huskey Gap Tr. [TENN (u.d.)] 60564 (=TFB 12490)
Sugarlands Visitor Center area [RET (u.d.)] FU-0131
16 
-
Amanita
sp. 34*
A very small species
associated with oaks and conifers. Spores:
[60/3/3] (8.2-) 8.5 - 10.4 (-10.8) × (6.3-) 6.5 - 7.5 (-8.6) µm,
(L = 9.0 - 9.7 µm; L’ = 9.4 µm; W = 6.9 - 7.0 µm; W’ = 7.0 µm;
Q = (1.19-) 1.22 - 1.48 (-1.55); Q = 1.29 - 1.40; Q’ = 1.36).
rd. btwn. Cherokee Orchard & Grotto Falls
[RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-O
17
  
-
Amanita sp. S1* [
image ]
Originally collected in western South Carolina, this taxon
is usually exannulate and may appear to belong in Amanita sect.
Vaginatae before its stem's bulb is excavated. The
species shares macroscopic characters with A. russuloides.
In the future they may prove to be a single taxon. Spores: [100/5/5] (8.4-) 8.7 - 11.2 (-12.2) × (5.9-) 6.2 - 7.3 (-7.7) µm,
(L = 9.3 - 10.7 µm; L’ = 9.9 µm; W = 6.5 - 6.8 µm; W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.27-) 1.34 - 1.66 (-2.0);
Q = 1.42 - 1.60; Q’ = 1.48).
Cades Cove, Loop Rd. "stop 1" [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-27-06-C
[top]
[skip section] [top of previous section]
Amanita section Vaginatae
[14 (16) known from park of
26+
probable]
[Note: There are so few names available in relation to the
number of potential taxa, that a key is needed to facilitate the future
ATBI work. Draft
key.]
18  
-
Amanita arkansana
Rosen
[ image ] [ page ]
A
"Slender Caesar group" amanita (Amanita stirps Hemibapha).
Cap fulvous, striate; stipe white, possibly
discoloring to fulvous below, with white annulus,
with white saccate volva covering 1/3
to 1/2 of stipe. The species is known from the
central Appalachians south to Florida and the Gulf Coast. Spores: [260/12/7] (7.0-) 7.7 -
11.4 (-15.0) x (5.6-) 6.0 - 8.0 (-10.2) µm,
(L
= 8.0 - 9.9 (-11.1) µm; L’
= 9.1 µm; W
= (6.3-) 6.5 -7.4 µm; W’
= 6.9 µm; Q = (1.10-) 1.18 - 1.53 (-1.69); Q
= 1.22 - 1.38 (-1.50); Q’
= 1.31). Known from Horse Cove, just outside park ca.
Highlands, NC: H-22051.
19 
-
Amanita
banningiana Tulloss nom prov. [ image ] [
page
]
A
"Slender Caesar group" amanita (Amanita stirps Hemibapha).
Cap yellow at first, becoming brown-orange to brown from disc
outward during expansion, with white volval sac rather small
compared to other species of the stirps. Annulus is pale
yellow and very similar to the color of the stipe and its
decorations. Spores:
[274/14/11] (7.5-) 8.4 - 11.9 (-15.0) × (5.2-) 5.9 - 7.8 (-9.8) µm,
(L = 8.9 - 10.6 (-11.5) µm; L’ = 10.0 µm; W = 6.3 - 7.0 (-7.3) µm;
W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.14-) 1.33 - 1.71 (-2.14); Q = 1.39 - 1.61 (-1.69);
Q’ = 1.49). Known in the central Appalachians from 2006 NAMA
Regional Foray, at Wildacres, NC; however, no collection was
retained. The range extends from the northern midwest USA
throughout the NE states. The central Appalachians are as
far south as the species is known to occur at present.
-
Amanita cokeriana
Singer
Pileus whitish,
sometimes Tilleul buff or Vinaceous buff over
disc. Stipe annulate with saccate volva.
Syntypes (when they can be located) will be from South Carolina
and Florida. No illustration is known to RET. Spores: 11
- 14.5 × 5.5 - 7.5 µm, with Q'
approx. 1.95.
21
-
Amanita
fulva
sensu auct. amer.*
[image]
This species is not the
European A. fulva. It is more closely related to A.
fuligineodisca Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling. Spores:
[160/8/8] (8.0-) 9.2 - 12.0 (-14.0) × (6.8-) 8.8 - 11.2 (-12.5) µm,
(L = (10.0-) 10.5 - 11.2 µm; L’ = 10.6 µm; W = (9.2-) 9.8 - 10.2 µm;
W’ = 9.9 µm; Q = (1.0-) 1.02 - 1.14 (-1.22); Q = 1.06 - 1.09 (-1.10);
Q’ = 1.08).
[TENN (HPL)]
Alum Cave trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-F
Cades Cove, Picnic Area [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-27-06-G
?Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0333, FU-0339
Deep Crk. site #3 [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB 13300)
Fork Ridge trailhead [RET (u.d.)] 7-13-04-D
?Grotto Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-X
Indian Gap [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-E, 7-13-04-L
22 
-
Amanita jacksonii
Pomerleau [image] [page]
[ = Amanita
umbonata Pomerleau non (Sumst.)
Sartory & L. Maire; = Amanita
caesarea var. americana Pomerleau; = Amanita
tullossii Guzmán & Ramírez-Guillén]
This species, another member of Amanita stirps
Hemibapha, occurs from southern Canada to the could forests
of the Sierra Madre Orientale in Mexico. Spores: [317/15/11] (7.0-) 7.8 - 10.0 (-12.1) × (5.2-) 6.0 - 7.5 (-8.7) µm,
(L = (8.1-) 8.4 - 9.5 µm; L’ = 8.8 µm; W = (6.0-) 6.3 -
7.3 µm;
W’ = 6.7 µm;
Q = (1.11-) 1.20 - 1.52 (-1.63); Q = 1.25 - 1.40 (-1.42); Q’ =
1.32).
[TENN (HPL)]
Cataloochee Valley,
tr. near Fungus-1 transect [RET (u.d.)] FU-0150,
FU-0229
23
-
Amanita
murrilliana Singer [
image ] [ page
]
[ = Venenarius
gemmatus var. volvatus Murrill]
Another member of Amanita stirps Hemibapha,
but lacking the bright colors of the other taxa in that stirps
that appear in this list. The cap of this species is cream
to whitish with a brownish center. Spores:
[204/9/7] (8.5-) 9.5 - 12.6 (-13.6) × (5.6-) 6.4 - 8.4 (-9.2) µm,
(L = 10.4 - 11.8 µm; L’ = 11.2 µm; W = 6.6 - 7.9 µm;
W’ = 7.4 µm;
Q = (1.23-) 1.32 - 1.74 (-1.88); Q = 1.43 - 1.58; Q’ = 1.51).
?Cherokee Orchard,
Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-J
?Grotto Falls Tr.
[RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-R
24
-
Amanita pachysperma G. F.
Atk. [image] [page]
Species
described from Blowing Rock, NC. Similar
entity known from Norris, TN.
Differences seem to be white pubescence on
cap (could have been overlooked in protologue),
& size (too short) & shape of spores (too
broad). Spores: [204/10/5] (9.5-) 10.5 - 16.2 (-20.0) ×
(6.0-) 7.5 - 10.5 (-12.5) µm, (L = (11.3-) 11.7 - 14.5
µm; L’ = 13.1 µm; W = (8.1-) 8.6 - 9.7 µm;
W’ = 9.0 µm; Q = (1.12-) 1.26 - 1.75 (-2.10); Q
= (1.30-) 1.31 - 1.64; Q’ = 1.48). H-25691 is immature, which might
account for observed differences. - H-25691, ?H-24432 (n.v.)
25  
-
Amanita recutita
sensu Coker
[image]
[page]
[TENN (HPL)]
Originally described from Photographs by W. C. Coker from Coker (1917).
Described from Chapel Hill material. Volva reportedly rather
soft and thick, breaking off at about the surface of the
substrate. Pileus said to be tan with sordid-rose tints with
rather short marginal striations. The small ring on the
stipe is fragile and is lost in some recently collected material
thought to belong to the present taxon. One of the most
narrow-spored North American taxa in sect. Vaginatae.
Spores: [77/4/2] (9.0-) 10.0 -
13.5 (-14.5) × (5.6-)
5.8 - 7.2 (-9.5) µm, (L
= 10.9 - 12.9 µm; L’ = 11.8 µm; W = 6.1 - 6.8
µm; W’ = 6.5 µm; Q = (1.56-) 1.62 - 2.0 (-2.57); Q
= 1.73 - 1.89; Q’ = 1.80).)
26 
-
Amanita
sinicoflava Tulloss [image
] [ page]
This species is named for its
olivaceous yellow cap (the color of Mandarin robes in imperial
China. The submembranous volva becomes gray from the top
down, often before the cap is fully expanded. Spores:
[645/33/25] (8.0-) 9.1 - 12.1 (-15.4) × (7.0-) 8.4 - 11.5 (-15.4) µm,
(L = (9.5-) 9.8 - 11.4 (-11.7) µm; L’ = 10.6 µm; W = (8.7-) 9.0 - 10.6 (-10.8) µm;
W’ = 10.0 µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.14 (-1.26); Q = 1.04 - 1.09 (-1.10); Q’ =
1.06).
Cherokee Orchard [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-AG
Deep Crk. Ranger Stn. [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB 13294)
27 
-
Amanita spreta
(Peck) Sacc.
[
image ] [ page
]
This species is known
for its graying annulus, its proportionally small volval sac, and
it ellipsoid to elongate spores. The cap can be quite pale
at first and develops pigment in the gray to brown range.
Spores:
[134/7/7] (7.7-) 9.4 - 13.1 (-15.5) × (5.2-) 5.9 - 7.8 (-9.0) µm,
(L = 9.9 - 12.4 µm; L’ = 11.4 µm; W = 6.2 - 7.3 µm; W’ = 6.9 µm;
Q = (1.40-) 1.48 - 1.83 (-2.04); Q = 1.60 - 1.76; Q’ = 1.65).
Deep Crk. Ranger Stn. [RET (u.d.)]
RET 7-19-06-E (=TFB 13297)
-
Amanita vaginata
sensu lato
There are so many taxa that
could fall under this heading that it will probably end up in a
list of "uninterpretable" names. The name in the
strictest sense is a taxon probably limited to Europe; however,
application of the name by European authors is not consistent.
[TENN (HPL)]
29 
-
Amanita
vaginata var. alba sensu auct. amer.*
[image]
Material not yet examined in
detail. The taxon is a European one and not to be expected
in the US. See A. sp. S3 as
one taxon that might have been included herein. Spores from
North American material: [47/3/3] (8.8-) 9.0 - 11.0 (-13.0)
× (7.5-) 8.0 - 10.0 (-10.3) µm, (L = 9.6 - 10.4 µm; L' =
9.9 µm; W = 8.6 - 9.2 µm; W' = 8.9 µm; Q = (1.0-) 1.05 -
1.22 (-1.27); Q = 1.10 - 1.12; Q' = 1.11). Spores (from European specimens):
[100/4/4] (8.6-) 9.8 - 12.8 (-17.0) × (7.0-) 8.5 - 12.0
(-13.5) µm, (L
= 10.8 - 11.9 µm; L’
= 11.4 µm; W
= 9.5 - 11.0 µm; W’
= 10.3 µm; Q
= (1.02-) 1.04 - 1.22 (-1.82); Q
= 1.08 - 1.14; Q’
= 1.11).
Cades Cove [TENN
(HN)] H-22054, H-30272
30
-
Amanita virginiana
(Murrill) Murrill [image]
[page]
This small, brown, annulate
species is so short that it may remain after a lawn is
mowed. It is largely associated with mature (even very old)
oaks. Spores: [940/47/18] (9.1-) 11.5 - 15.0 (-20.5) × (6.5-) 8.5 - 11.2 (-15.5) µm,
(L = (11.7-) 12.3 - 14.0 (-14.1) µm; L’ = 13.2 µm; W = (9.1-) 9.2 - 10.5 (-10.9) µm;
W’ = 9.9 µm; Q = (1.07-) 1.16 - 1.52 (-1.89); Q = (1.16-) 1.21 - 1.42 (-1.55);
Q’ = 1.33).
Alum Cave trailhead
[RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-G
?Heintooga Rd. &
Rough Fork Tr., Polls Gap [RET (u.d.)] FU-0645
?Heintooga Rd. &
Rough Fork Tr., Polls Gap [RET (u.d.)] FU-0646.
31 
-
Amanita sp. 21
[
image ]
Zonate pileus (3 or 4
zones alternating cream to tan with olivaceous, with white margin
(during expansion?). Stipe white and exannulate. Volva
saccate and white. Currently known in northeastern USA as far
south as West Virginia. Spores:
[40/2/2] 8.0 - 10.1 × 7.7 - 9.8 µm, (L = 9.1 - 9.3 µm; L’ = 9.2 µm;
W = 8.7 - 9.0 µm;
W’ = 8.9 µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.08 (-1.11); Q = 1.03 - 1.04; Q’ =
1.04).
32
-
Amanita
sp. N26*
[ image
]
Possibly the same as
Amanita sp. NFL2. WIth apparent range extending from Isl. of Newfoundland,
Canada, to GSMNP (North Carolina). Pileus whitish to cream
with pinkish or orangish tints, umbonate, with marginal striae
taking up about 1/3 of radius. Stipe exannulate and having
similar tints. Volva saccate and white. Spores from
Maine: [20/1/1] 9.2 - 11.0 (-11.5) × (8.2-) 8.5 - 9.5 µm, (L =
10.1 µm; W = 9.0; Q = (1.02-) 1.06 - 1.20 (-1.22);
Q = 1.12). N.B. This first set of measured spores (from Maine) came
from an aging basidiophore; the size ranges are probably shifted
lower than normal. Spores from GSMNP: [33/1/1] (9.8-) 10.0 -
11.5 (-12.8) × 8.8 - 10.4 (-12.1) µm, (L = 10.7 µm; W
= 9.7 µm; Q = (1.04-) 1.05 - 1.14 (-1.23); Q = 1.10).
Flat Crk. Tr., Heintooga Ridge [TENN; RET (u.d.)] 60329 (=TFB
12081)
-
Amanita
sp. GSM1*
Pale gray cap, exannulate stipe, very narrow spores (Q=1.71).
ca.
Gatlinburg in park [TENN (HN & RET)] H-21417
34
-
Amanita
sp. GSM2*
[
image ]
Cap honey yellow with
Saccardo's umber disc, umbonate, striate; stipe exannulate, cream buff;
volva membranous, white. Photo used with permission of
Hughes Lab ATBI project. Spores
?? [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB
11934)
?? [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB
13298)
Grotto
Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-S
Schoolhouse Gap tr. head [?? (u.d.)] ?? (= TFB 12727)
35 
-
Amanita
sp. GSM3*
[ image
]
Pileus dark
gray over disc, pale gray elsewhere, relatively
short marginal striations, with very thick
floccose-felted warts confluent; stipe exannulate
with gray surface layer breaking up into dark
fibrils from handling; volva originally saccate,
but some breaking up into patches & becoming
gray to dark gray. Having some similarity
to RET's species N28. Spores: ??
Cherokee Orchard,
Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-G
36  
-
Amanita
sp. GSM4*
[ image
]
Small species with very dark gray cap, striate,
without volval remnants, but sometimes with
distinct whitish pruinosity or frosty appearance;
stipe white, exannulate, & finely
pulverulent; volva saccate, white, sometimes
staining paling orange.
Cherokee
Orchard, Rainbow Falls, Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-M
Grotto
Falls trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-AE
37
-
Amanita
sp. GSM5*
[ image ]
Small fruiting body with exannulate stipe &
white saccate volva. Pileus is olivaceous
gray becoming brownish gray with age, with paler
zone btwn. disc & marginal striations. The single
specimen has 25 mm wide pileus.
Alum Cave trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-H
38
(A)
(B) 
-
Amanita
spp. GSM6A & GSM6B*
[ image ]
(A) Pileus up to 90 mm wide, olive brown near margin,
becoming more saturated toward disc, blackish brown to fuscous
black over disc, planar when expanded, umbonate, with striate
sulcate margin. Lamellae white. Stipe whitish to near
"Tilleul Buff," powdery on upper half, with tawny olive
fibrils on lower half, exannulate, about 150 ×
12.5 mm, stuffed, with saccate volva having dingy inner
surface. Spores: [20/1/1] (9.6-) 10.0 - 12.4 (-14.5)
× (8.4-) 8.8 - 10.6 (-12.8) µm, (L =
11.0 µm;
W = 9.6 µm; Q = (1.04-) 1.07 - 1.23; Q =
1.14). (B) Second specimen similar [See species
S6], with powdery region on upper
stipe distinctly grayish. Spores: (9.0-) 9.2 - 11.6 (-13.2) ×
(8.0-) 8.2 - 10.0 (-11.2) µm, (L = 10.1 µm;
W = 9.0 µm; Q = 1.08 - 1.14 (1.22); Q = 1.12).
(A) Big Fork Ridge Tr., Cataloochee Cove [TENN; RET (u.d.)] 60679
(=TFB 12081)
(B) Deep Creek Campgrd. [TENN; RET (u.d.] ?? (=TFB 13301)
39
 
-
Amanita
sp. GSM7*
[
image ]
The pileus is zonate, with disc and
area over marginal striations dark brown to fuligineous at
maturity and with a brown intermediate zone. The region of
the marginal striations may be quite pallid at first. The
stipe is exannulate, often bearing dark fibrils and may turn
entirely gray in age. The volva is saccate with a limbus
internus placed well above the sac's point of attachment to the
stipe. The height of the limbus internus is about 20% - 25%
of the distance from its point of connection to the volval limb to
the highest point of the sac. Spores: [20/1/1] 12.3 - 14.5
(-15.5) × (11.1-) 11.7 - 13.1 (-13.7) µm, (L = 13.4 µm;
L’ = 13.4 µm; W = 12.3 µm; W’ = 12.3 µm; Q = 1.04 -
1.13 (-1.19);
Q = 1.09; Q’ = 1.09).
?Grotto
Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET
7-12-04-V, 7-12-04-W
? [TENN (u.d.)] 61168
40
-
Amanita sp. S3
[ image
]
=albosorora Tulloss nom. prov. Rather
small fruiting body with exannulate stipe and white cupulate
volva. Internal limb of volva & (sometimes) part of
external limb separated from cupulate volva by strangulate
zone. Pileus is white to off-white to cream with marginal
striae and bears small patches or warts of volva concolorous with
those on the stipe base. Spores: [20/1/1] (8.4-) 9.1 - 10.5 (-11.5) × (7.7-) 8.4 - 9.4 (-10.5) µm, (L = 9.8 µm;
W = 9.1 µm; Q = 1.03 - 1.17; Q = 1.08).
-
Amanita sp. S6
[
image ]
Pileus
78 mm wide, brownish gray with brown disc, virgate for most of
radius, subplanar, umbonate, tacky; context white with a thin
grayish line under pileipellis (lens), 4.5 mm thick at stipe,
thinning evenly for 0.8 radius, then a membrane to margin; margin
striate (0.5R), nonappendiculate; universal veil absent.
Lamellae free, without decurrent line on stipe apex, close(?),
off-white in mass and in side view, 4.5 - 5.5 mm wide, with
fimbriate margin (lens); lamellulae truncate to subattenuate to
subtruncate. Stipe 140 × 9 mm (with stipe base inserted up
to 80 mm in substrate), pallid, decorated with a pale gray
pulverulence in upper 30 mm, with darker gray fibrils below, with
membranous gray narrow patches in lower half, cylindric, flaring
at apex, very fragile; context pale grayish white, not
changing when cut or bruised, stuffed with white cottony material
that bruises ochraceous, with central cylinder 3 mm wide;
exannulate; universal veil as flimsy saccate volva, submembranous
and crumbling especially in upper half of limbs, 30 mm from base
to highest point on limb, up to 17 mm wide, gray in upper half,
white in lower half, collapsing. Known from Blue
Valley, Macon Co., North Carolina. Spores: [20/1/1] (9.1-)
9.5 - 10.8 (-11.0) × (8.0-) 8.5 - 10.0 (-10.5) µm, (L
= 10.1 µm; W =
9.2 µm; Q = 1.05 - 1.16 (-1.19); Q
= 1.11).
?Cades Cove, Loop Rd. ("stop 1") [TENN (u.d.); RET (u.d.)]
RET 9-28-06-B, ??
(=TFB13424)
-
Amanita sp. S7
[ image ]
Pileus 88 mm wide, yellowish-brown with olivaceous tint to
the brown, campanulate to planoconvex, dry, dull; context white,
unchanging when cut or bruised, 7 mm thick at stipe, thinning
evenly to margin; margin striate (0.15 - 0.2R), nonappendiculate;
universal veil absent. Lamellae free, without decurrent line
on stipe, crowded, sordid tan in mass, sordid pale tan in side
view, unchanging when cut or bruised, 5 mm thick; lamellulae
truncate. Stipe 215 × 14 mm, whitish, narrowing upward,
surface fibrillose and longitudinally striate; context
whitish, apparently unchanging when cut or bruised, stuffed with
white cottony material, with 6 mm wide central cylinder;
exannulate; universal veil as a saccate volva, white, leathery and
rather tough, 39 mm from base to highest point of limb. Known from Roper Mtn. Park, Greenville Co., South
Carolina. Spores:
[40/1/1] (9.0-) 9.2 - 12.5 (-15.5) × (6.5-) 6.8 - 9.2 (-11.8)
µm, (L = 10.1
µm; W = 7.9
µm; Q = (1.06-) 1.08 - 1.60 (-1.86); Q
= 1.26).
43
 
-
Amanita
sp. V3*
[ image
]
=borealisorora Tulloss nom.
prov. The stipe is exannulate with a
"snakeskin" patter of brownish gray fibrillose scales on
a pallid ground color. Near the base is a strangulate zone
with graying whole or partial ring(s) above and/or below it.
The volval remnants at the stipe base are cupulate. The cap
is is gray brown or browner, often darkest over disc. The
volval remnants on the cap are white at first but quickly become
friable and dark gray. Spores: [80/4/4] (7.7-) 9.4 - 12.0 (-14.2) × (7.0-) 8.8
- 11.2 (-13.5) µm, (L
= 10.0 - 11.0 µm; L’
= 10.5 µm; W
= 9.3 - 10.5 µm; W’
= 10.0 µm; Q
= (1.0-) 1.02 - 1.11 (-1.12); Q
= 1.04 - 1.07; Q’
= 1.06). The range of this taxon probably extends into
southern Canada.
Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0336
?Cherokee Orchard, Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET
(u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-D
?Fork Ridge trailhead [RET (u.d.)] LN2040713-01
?Indian Gap [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-K
[top] [skip section] [top of previous section]
Amanita section Amidella
[6 known from park of 6 probable]
-
Amanita
peckiana Kauffman in Peck
Basidiophores annulate at
first, with bruising and staining reactions relatively
faint. Spores: [1995/96/77] (7.1-) 9.7 - 15.0 (-26.6) × (3.4-) 4.2 - 6.8 (-9.2) µm,
(L = (9.4-) 10.3 - 14.3 (-15.0) µm; L’ = 12.4 µm; W = (4.2-) 4.4 - 6.4 (-6.7) µm;
W’ = 5.4 µm; Q = (1.33-) 1.73 - 3.05 (-4.51); Q = (1.73-) 1.86 - 2.93 (-3.08);
Q’ = 2.29).
?Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0260
Indian Gap [FLAS (u.d.)]
Laurel Falls [MICH (u.d.)]
45
-
Amanitopsis
volvata var. elongata Peck (
= dolichopus Tulloss nom. prov.)
[image]
Spores:
[978/47/32] (7.0-) 8.8 - 12.5 (-24.0) × (4.0-) 4.9 - 6.2 (-10.0) µm, (L = (8.9-) 9.4 - 11.5 (-13.5) µm;
L’ = 10.5 µm; W = (4.8-) 5.2 - 5.8 (-5.9) µm; W’ = 5.5 µm; Q = (1.36-) 1.59 - 2.30 (-3.33);
Q = (1.64-) 1.70 - 2.12 (-2.26); Q’ = 1.91).
Balsan Mtn. Rd. [TENN (u.d.)] 61187
(= TFB 12727)
Cherokee Orchard, Rainbow Falls Tr.
[RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-C
46 
-
Amanita volvata(Peck) Lloyd
[image] [page]
Spores: [1223/61/45] (5.8-) 8.4 - 12.3 (-14.2) × (4.5-) 5.2 - 7.2 (-9.0) µm, (L = (8.6-) 9.0 - 11.8 (-12.4) µm;
L’ = 10.3 µm; W = (5.1-) 5.5 - 6.8 (-7.6) µm; W’ = 6.2 µm; Q = (1.16-) 1.35 - 1.94 (-2.45);
Q = (1.39-) 1.48 - 1.93 (-2.02); Q’ = 1.65).
[Cades Cove [L (u.d.)]
Heintooga Rd. &
Rough Fork Tr., Polls Gap [RET (u.d.)] FU-0228
Kephart Prong Tr.
[MICH (u.d.)]
47
-
Amanita
sp. 41
( = pseudovolvata Tulloss nom.
prov.)*
[image]
Spores: [1317/65/54] (5.0-) 8.0 - 11.0 (-13.5) × (3.8-) 4.5 - 6.0 (-7.8) µm,
(L = (7.6-) 8.5 - 10.6 (-11.0) µm; L’ = 9.6 µm; W = (4.5-) 4.8 - 5.9 (-6.5) µm;
W’ = 5.2 µm; Q = (1.11-) 1.52 - 2.16 (-2.76); Q = (1.42-) 1.64 - 2.04 (-2.14);
Q’ = 1.85).
Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0265, FU-0332, FU-0341
Cherokee Orchard,
Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-I
Indian Creek [MICH (u.d.)
48 
-
Amanita
sp. 50
( = whetstoneae
Tulloss nom.
prov.)*
[image]
Spores: [1070/52/43] (7.0-) 8.8 - 12.0 (-14.1) × (4.2-) 4.8 - 6.5 (-8.2) µm,
(L = (8.4-) 9.0 - 11.2 (-11.6) µm; L’ = 10.3 µm; W = (4.7-) 5.0 - 6.1 (-6.8) µm;
W’ = 5.5 µm; Q = (1.28-) 1.54 - 2.19 (-2.69); Q = (1.61-) 1.66 - 2.04 (-2.13);
Q’ = 1.87).
Alum Cave trailhead
(RET (u.d.) RET 7-13-04-A
N of Bryson City [MICH (u.d.)]
Grotto Falls
trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-Y
Heintooga Road &
Rough Fork Tr., Polls Gap [RET (u.d.)] FU-0648
to -0651
Indian Gap [FH (u.d.), TENN (u.d.)] H-19139, H-20964, H-20967
no locality [FH (u.d.)]
-
Amanita
sp. N39
( = canadensis
Tulloss nom.
prov.)*
Basidiophores annulate at
first. Spores: [230/7/6] (8.1-) 9.9 - 16.2 (-21.0) × (3.8-) 4.0 - 6.2 (-7.8) µm,
(L = 11.1 - 15.2 µm; L’ = 13.0 µm; W = 4.2 - 5.9 µm;
W’ = 5.2 µm;
Q = (1.64-) 2.0 - 3.04 (-3.33); Q = 2.30 - 2.88; Q’ = 2.49).
Indian Gap [MICH (u.d.)]
[top] [skip section]
[top of previous section]
Amanita section Lepidella
[18 (18) known from park of 29+
probable]
50
 
-
Amanita abrupta
Peck
[image]
[page]
Spores: [97/4/4] (6.1-) 7.2 - 9.0
(-10.7) × (4.8-) 5.9 - 7.5 (-9.2) µm,
(L = 7.9 - 8.5 µm; L’ = 8.1 µm; W = 6.1 - 6.8 µm; W’ =
6.6 µm; Q = (1.07-) 1.10 - 1.40 (-1.61);
Q = 1.17 - 1.32; Q’ = 1.23).
Cades Cove [TENN (HPL & HN)] H-26527
Cherokee Orchard, Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-H
-
Amanita
altifissura Dav. T. Jenkins [page]
52
 
-
Amanita
atkinsoniana Coker [ image
] [page]
Note that the universal veil becomes brown and that warts
of the u.v. can ring the stipe's basal bulb in its entirety.
The partial veil can be lost or, if it persists, will become slimy
and yellowish with age. The range of this species extends
from southern Quebec at least to the Carolinas. Spores: [50/2/2] (8.0-) 8.7 - 10.5 (-13.0) × 5.9 - 7.7 (-8.5) µm,
(L = 9.3 - 9.7 µm; L’ = 9.5 µm; W = 6.6 - 6.9 µm; W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.18-) 1.25 - 1.64 (-1.67);
Q = 1.41; Q’ = 1.41).
53 
-
Amanita canescens
Dav. T. Jenkins [ image
] [ page
]
The range of this species extends from the Pine-Oak barrens
of Long Island (NY) and New Jersey to the Gulf Coast. The
partial veil is weakly attached; the stipe is often decorated with
pale salmon to golden orange to pale orangish white fibrils
especially after handling. Spores: Spores:
[125/6/5] (6.5-) 7.5 - 10.8 (-12.0) × (4.5-) 4.8 -
6.0 (-6.8) µm, (L = 8.3 - 9.5 µm; L’ = 8.9 µm; W
= 5.0 - 5.7 µm; W’ = 5.3 µm; Q = (1.35-) 1.46 - 1.94
(-2.16); Q = 1.60 - 1.75; Q’ = 1.67).
54
  
-
Amanita
chlorinosma (Austin) Lloyd [
image ] [ page
]
Characteristic of this species are the very disorganized
microstructure of the universal veil, the presence of plentiful
large clamps at the bases of basidia, the persistently white or
whitish color of the basidiophore, and the size and shape of the
spores. The closest phenetic relative is A.
tephrea. Spores:
[85/4/4] (7.5-) 8.0 - 11.0 (-12.2) × (4.5-) 4.7 - 6.5 (-7.5) µm, (L = 8.5 - 10.2 µm;
L’ = 9.2 µm; W = 5.1 - 6.1 µm; W’ = 5.5 µm; Q = (1.37-) 1.45 - 2.02 (-2.35);
Q = 1.52 - 1.81; Q’ = 1.69).
55
-
Amanita
cinereoconia G. F. Atk. var. cinereoconia
[ image ] [ page
]
Cades Cove [TENN (HN
& u.d.)] H-20870, H-35190
Grotto Falls
trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-AF
56
   
-
Amanita
cinereoconia var. croceescens
Bas [ image
] [ page
]
RET has doubts about
the taxonomic value of this taxon. From experience with 7-17-06-A,
material determined under the present name may simply be material
of the type variety exhibiting the "yellowing
syndrome."
Abrams Crk. Tr. beyond camping area [RET & TENN] RET 7-17-06-A
(=TFB 13315)
57
 
-
Amanita cinereopannosa
Bas [image] [page]
The irregular warts on the
pileus sometimes give the impression of mudpies made by elven
hands that have left their fingerprints in their product.
Their is often the odor of newly made biscuit dough in fresh
material. The top of the bulb tends to crack in such a way
as to suggest a wall of concrete block. A small specimen
might be taken for an extremely large specimen of A.
onusta. Spores: [150/6/6] (8.0-) 8.8 - 12.0 (-14.1) × (4.9-) 5.2 -
7.0 (-8.3) µm, (L = 9.5 - 10.9 µm; L’ = 10.2
µm; W = 5.6 - 6.1 µm; W’ = 6.0 µm; Q =
(1.30-) 1.50 - 2.0 (-2.40); Q = 1.63 - 1.82; Q’
= 1.72).
Cades Cove [L, TENN (BAS69)] !!PARATYPE from this site!! H-21822
Deep Crk. Campground [TENN (u.d.)] RET 7-19-06-A (=??
=TFB 13299)
Grotto Falls trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-AF
58  
-
Amanita
cokeri (E.- J. Gilbert &
Kühner) E.- J. Gilbert [image] [page]
Compare with A.
sp. 5. Spores: [95/5/4] (9.2-) 10.8 - 13.2 (-15.0) × (5.5-) 6.5 - 8.7 (-9.5) µm, (L = 11.4 - 12.7 µm;
L’ = 11.9 µm; W = (6.9-) 7.8 - 8.1 µm; W’ = 7.8 µm; Q = (1.27-) 1.35 - 1.79 (-2.0);
Q = 1.44 - 1.56 (-1.74); Q’ = 1.53).
Cades Cove [TENN (BAS69, HPL, HN, u.d.)] H-8265, H-20868,
H-20869, H-20875, H-21832, H-25683
?Cades Cove, Anthony
Crk. Tr. [RET (u.d.)] FU-0623
Cherokee Orchard,
Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-A
59
 
-
Amanita daucipes (Mont.)
Lloyd [image] [page]
Spores: [100/5/5] (8.0-) 9.1 - 11.5 (-13.8) × (5.3-) 5.5 - 7.2 (-9.9) µm,
(L = 9.8 - 10.8 µm; L’ = 10.2 µm; W = 6.0 - 6.5 µm; W’ =
6.2 µm;
Q = (1.22-) 1.48 - 1.82 (-1.93); Q = 1.57 - 1.68; Q’ =
1.64).
Cades Cove, Hyatt Lane [TENN (u.d.)] DJL-TN-82.
60
-
Amanita
hesleri Bas [image] [page]
Lacking a pileipellis, volva arising
from the pileus context and comprising chains of elongate cells in
addition to hyphae. Spores: [260/12/7] (8.5-) 9.5 - 12.5
(-16.1) × (4.8-) 5.1 - 6.5 (-7.8) µm,
(L = (10.0-) 10.4 - 11.1 µm; L’ = 10.7 µm; W =
(5.4-) 5.5 - 6.1 µm; W’ = 5.9 µm;
Q = (1.50-) 1.60 - 2.18 (-2.70); Q = 1.71 - 1.95 (-2.08); Q’ =
1.84).
Cades Cove [L, TENN (BAS69)] !!PARATYPE from this site!! H-22694
-
Amanita inodora
(Murrill) Bas [page]
62   
-
Amanita
longipes Bas ex
Tulloss & Dav. T. Jenkins [image] [page]
This species was originally
described from pine-oak barrens of the coastal plain on Long
Island, NY and in southern NJ. It's range extends through
the appalachians to AL. Spores: [820/41/41] (7.2-) 9.8 - 14.0 (-21) × (3.9-) 4.6 - 6.3 (-9.8) µm,
(L = (10.3-) 10.4 - 12.7 (-13.6) µm; L’ = 11.8 µm; W =
(4.5-) 4.8 - 5.9 (-6.3) µm;
W’ = 5.4 µm; Q = (1.50-) 1.75 - 2.63 (-3.50); Q = (1.85-) 1.94 - 2.48 (-2.51);
Q’ = 2.20).
Deep Crk. Ranger Stn. [TENN (u.d.)] RET 7-19-06-C (=??
=TFB 13293)
-
Amanita
marginata Dav. T. Jenkins [
page
]
Cades Cove [DTJ
(JE81)] !!TYPE LOCALITY!!
64
 
-
Amanita microlepis
Bas [ image
] [ page
]
The range of this species extends at least from southern New
England to South Carolina. Spores: [55/3/3] (8.2-) 8.4 - 10.8 × (5.6-) 5.9 - 7.3 (-8.0) µm, (L = 9.3 - 9.9 µm;
L’ = 9.5 µm; W = 6.2 - 7.0 µm; W’ = 6.6 µm; Q = (1.22-) 1.27 - 1.60 (-1.86);
Q = 1.36 - 1.51; Q’ = 1.45.
-
Amanita nitida
sensu Coker
Known from North Carolina.
66   
-
Amanita
onusta (Howe) Sacc. [image] [page]
A very large specimen might be
mistaken for a small specimen of A.
cinereopannosa. Spores: [215/12/12] (7.0-) 8.0 - 11.0 (-13.0) × (5.0-) 5.5 - 7.0
(-8.3) µm, (L = 8.3 -
10.5 (-11.0) µm;
L’ = 9.4 µm; W = 5.7 - 6.5 (-7.1) µm; W’ =
6.1 µm; Q = (1.14-) 1.28 - 1.85 (-2.21);
Q = 1.35 - 1.65 (-1.84); Q’ = 1.52).
Baskin's Ridge trailhead [RET (u.d.)]
RET 7-12-04-AD
?Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0161, FU-0548
Clingman's Dome (TENN (HN)] H-21549
Heintooga Road & Rough Fork Tr., Polls Gap [RET (u.d.)] FU-0647
Indian Gap [TENN (HN)] H-20962
Newfound Gap [TENN (HPL & HN)] H-9051
Turkey Pen Ridge Tr. trailhead @ Laurel Crk. Rd. [TENN (u.d.)]
?? (=TFB 13128)
67   
-
Amanita pelioma
Bas [ image
] [ page
]
The range of this species extends from the southern Catskill Mtns.
in New York state to the Gulf Coast; it is known from North
Carolina. This is the only known species of Amanita
north of the Mexican deserts that has a blue-green tint or
stain. In this case, it appears to be the volva that has
this odd pigmentation. The gills are cafe-au-lait color as
in A. microlepis. Spores:
[125/5/3] (8.8-) 9.8 - 13.6 (-15.0) × (5.5-) 6.0 - 9.1 (-10.1)
µm, (L = 10.6 - 12.1 µm;
L’ = 11.5 µm; W = 6.5 - 8.1 µm; W’ =
7.2 µm; Q = (1.21-) 1.1.38 - 1.85 (-2.22);
Q = 1.49 - 1.76; Q’ = 1.61).
68
  
-
Amanita
polypyramis (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc.
[ image ] [page]
Large white
mushroom with a solid stipe. Extremely distinctive in the
field and rather quickly recognized by a collector once it is
known to her/him. Pileus thick, covered with
small pyramidal warts. Top half of bulb bearing many rings
of small white warts. Spores: [285/13/11] (7.0-) 9.1 - 13.0 (-17.5) × (5.2-) 5.9 -
7.7 (-9.5) µm, (L = (9.0-) 10.0 - 12.1 µm;
L’ = 11.4 µm; W = 6.5 - 7.2 (-7.4) µm; W’ = 6.8 µm; Q = (1.11-)
1.38 - 1.93 (-2.02);
Q = (1.35-) 1.50 - 1.81; Q’ = 1.67).
Cades Cove, Loop Rd. [RET, TENN (u.d.)] RET 9-27-06-K (=TFB
13413)
69
-
Amanita praelongispora
(Murrill) Murrill [image] [page]
The volva forms a membranous limb on the top of the stipe's
basal bulb. Compare with A.
roanokensis. Spores: [85/3/3] (8.7-) 9.4 - 12.3
(-16.4) × (3.5-) 3.8 - 4.9 (-5.2) µm, (L = 10.7 - 11.7 µm;
L’ = 11.2 µm; W = 4.2 - 4.6 µm; W’ =
4.3 µm; Q = (1.87-) 2.06 - 2.93 (-3.15);
Q = 2.49 - 2.80; Q’ = 2.57).
70   
-
Amanita ravenelii (Berk.
& Curt.) Sacc. [image] [page]
Because of the strong vertical
orientation of the elements of the universal veil, the sides of
the warts on the pileus of this species have the appearance of
eroded hillsides (vertically striate). The shape of the bulb is
very variable and can be very irregular in form.
Compare to A.
rhopalopus. Spores: [285/13/11]
(7.0-) 8.0 - 11.9 (14.0) × (4.6-) 5.2 - 7.7 (-8.5) µm, (L =
(8.3-) 8.5 - 11.1 µm; L’ = 9.7; W = 5.6 - 7.0
(-7.4) µm; W’ = 6.3 µm; Q = (1.23-) 1.33 - 1.81 (-2.50); Q
= 1.46 - 1.64 (-1.81); Q’ = 1.54).
Cades Cove [L, MICH,
TENN (BAS69)] H-22418
71
  
-
Amanita
rhopalopus Bas f. rhopalopus [
image ] [ page]
The universal veil is
disorganized in comparison to that of A.
ravenelii and, hence, in warts, the eroded appearance of
the sides is not seen in the present species. The stipe and
bulb are often "dog-legged." Spores: [110/5/5]
(7.3-) 8.0 - 10.9 (-12.5) × (4.8-) 5.4 - 6.8 (-8.1) µm, (L
= 8.6 - 10.0 µm; L’ = 9.2 µm; W = 5.9 - 6.4 µm; W’
= 6.1 µm; Q = (1.19-) 1.32 - 1.745 (-1.88); Q = 1.46 - 1.61;
Q’ = 1.52).
Cades Cove [L, MICH,
TENN (BAS69)] !!PARATYPE from this site!! H-12852,
H-22132 p.p.
?Cades Cove, Anthony
Crk. Tr. [RET (u.d.)] FU-0622
-
Amanita rhopalopus
f. turbinata Bas
Differs from the type form in
having a top-shaped basal bulb on the stipe. The taxonomic
value of this distinction is worthy of review.
73
 
-
Amanita
roanokensis Coker [ image
] [ page
]
The volva forms a short, membranous limb on the bulb. Range from North
Carolina to the Gulf Coast. The species is largely reported
(to date) from the coastal plain.
Compare with A. praelongispora.
Spores: [40/2/2] (12.0-) 12.8 - 17.1 (-19.5) × 3.6 - 4.9 (-5.0) µm, (L
= 14.4 - 14.7 µm; L’ = 14.6 µm; W = 4.1 - 4.4 µm; W’
= 4.2 µm; Q = (2.62-) 2.73 - 4.08 (-4.67); Q = 3.32 - 3.70;
Q’ = 3.51).
74   
-
Amanita
subsolitaria (Murrill) Murrill [
image ] [ page
]
[=A. solitariiformis (Murrill) Murrill = A. crassifolia
Bas nom. prov.]
Gills distinctively yellow-cream from early
development. Universal veil on pileus from cake-like warts
to pulverulence (sometimes on a single specimen). Gills
often forking. Occasionally exhibits yellowing
syndrome. Laccase+ in base of radicating bulb.
Range from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to Florida and Gulf
Coast. Spores: [596/27/27]
(7.3-) 9.1 - 14.0 (-21) × (3.5-) 4.2 - 5.2 (-6.5) µm, (L =
(8.9-) 9.6 - 12.7 (-13.6) µm; L’ = 11.4 µm; W =
(4.1-) 4.3 - 5.1 µm; W’ = 4.6 µm; Q = (1.57-) 2.0 - 3.0
(-3.83); Q = (2.03-) 2.21 - 2.79 (-2.81); Q’ =
2.47).
75  
-
Amanita
tephrea* Bas nom. prov.
[image]
[page]
Known from South Carolina to
New Jersey and Long
Island, New York. A taxon phenetically closely
related to to A. chlorinosma. White at first, then
pale beige, and finally pale grayish. Rather small and
gracile in material found in recent years. Formerly also
known as "species S2" in RET's keys, notes,
correspondence, etc.
Cades Cove [MICH, TENN (BAS69)] H-23016
Cades Cove, Picnic Area [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-27-06-E
Cherokee Orchard, Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-F
76 
-
Amanita
sp. 5*
[ image ]
(=A. subcokeri Tulloss nom. prov.) Having large rooting bulb with recurved scales,
occasionally having “doubled” partial veil (see photo, above
left), odorous (burnt sugar mixed with cedar chest), acquiring brick red spots,
warts unusually liable to attack by Penicillium spp., spores proportionately too narrow for A.
cokeri. Spores: [461/23/23] (8.0-) 10.2 - 14.0 (-19.0) × (5.2-) 5.9 - 7.5 (-10.9) µm, (L = (10.7-) 10.8 - 13.6 (-13.8) µm;
L’ = 12.1 µm; W = (6.0-) 6.1 - 7.0 µm; W’ = 6.6 µm; Q = (1.33-)
1.57 - 2.17 (-2.82); Q = (1.59-) 1.64 - 2.02 (-2.11); Q’ = 1.85).
Finley Cane Tr.,
trailhead [RET (u.d.)] FU-0624
Greenbrier [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-25-06-A
Palmer Crk. Tr. [RET
(u.d.)] FU-0261
77
 
-
Amanita
sp. 9*
[ image ]
Usually with an extremely long radicating
basal bulb that is extremely difficult to excavate. The
specimen on the left, above, is an exception. The cap of
this species bears a notable
sterile margin extending a few mm beyond the outer ends of the
lamellae. Spores: [250/12/12] (6.5-) 8.4 - 11.7 (-14.7) × (4.3-) 4.5 - 6.3 (-7.8) µm, (L = (8.7-) 9.1 - 11.0 µm;
L’ = 10.1 µm; W = 4.9 - 6.1 (-6.2) µm; W’ = 5.4 µm; Q = (1.43-) 1.57 - 2.18 (-2.89);
Q = 1.69 - 1.97 (-2.17); Q’ = 1.86).
Cades Cove, Loop Rd. near outlet [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-27-06-J
Grotto Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-Q
[top]
[skip section] [top of previous section]
Amanita section Phalloideae
[ N.
Amer. Phalloideae key ]
[2 (2) known from park of 9 probable (note: some
cited names may be taxonomic synonyms)]
78  
-
Amanita bisporigera G. F. Atk.
[image] [page]
[ = A. virosa sensu auct. amer.]
KOH+. Tyrosinase-.
Odorless at first, sickeningly sweet in age. Spores: [452/19/16]
(5.2-) 7.2 - 9.9 (-11.0) × (4.8-) 6.5 - 8.6 (-10.0) µm, (L =
(7.8-) 7.9 - 9.2 (-9.6) µm; L’ = 8.4 µm; W = (7.0-) 7.1 - 8.1
(-8.2) µm; W’ = 7.5 µm; Q = (1.0-) 1.02 - 1.25 (-1.70); Q =
(1.05-) 1.06 - 1.18 (-1.20); Q’ = 1.11).
[TENN (HPL)]
Cades Cove, Gum Swamp [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB 13252)
Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0259, FU-0331, FU-0337
Cherokee Orchard, Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-E
Greenbrier, Old Settler's Tr. [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB 13263)
Little Cataloochee Tr. [RET (u.d.)] FU-0274
79 
-
Amanita elliptosperma G. F. Atk. [
image ] [ page
]
KOH-. Tyrosinase+.
Having ample, superior, membranous partial veil. Odor was
not mentioned in unfortunately brief protologue; however,
collections consistent with the type have odors described as
"dirty socks," "old ham," or "something
like phalloides, but with addition of
"chlorine." The gills can be pinkish in mass in
some lights. Very similar to A. sp.
S4. Originally described from Chapel Hill, North
Carolina, with range extending north to at least West Virginia and
probably further, possibly occurring as far south as the Gulf
Coast and eastern Texas. Spores from holotype: [110/4/4] (8.0-)
8.7 - 11.2 (-11.5) × (5.8-) 5.9 - 7.5 (-7.8) µm, (L = 9.6
- 9.9 µm; L' = 9.8 µm; W = 6.5 - 6.9 µm; W'
= 6.8 µm; Q = (1.25-) 1.29 - 1.60 (-1.71); Q = 1.40 -
1.50; Q' = 1.45).
-
Amanita gwyniana
Coker
[ page
]
Odor of "chloride
of lime." Originally described from North
Carolina. Spores from holotype: (8.4-) 8.9 - 11.8 (-12.4) × 6.0 - 8.0 (-8.7) µm,
with Q = 1.46 - 1.54.
?Cades Cove, Loop Rd. ("stop 1") [TENN (u.d.); RET (u.d.)]
(=TFB 13423)
-
Amanita
hygroscopica Coker [ page
]
Originally described from North
Carolina, (additionally known several times from outside the park
in the same state). Lamellae described as pink and becoming
more intensely pigmented with age. Could this taxon be based
on some water-soaked, small material of A. elliptosperma?
Spores: ??
[TENN (HPL)]
82
-
Amanita
longitibiale Tulloss, Perez-Silva &
T. Herrera [ image
] [ page
] Paratype from NC outside of park. Stipe's bulb is long and
narrow; volva is saccate and attached only near base of elongated
bulb. Spores: [200/9/6] (9.4-) 10.5 - 13.3 (-14.8) × (4.2-)
5.0 - 6.3 (-7.2) µm, (L
= 11.4 - 12.3 (-12.6) µm; L’
= 11.8 µm; W =
(5.4-) 5.6 - 5.9 µm; W’
= 5.7 µm; Q = (1.56-) 1.79 - 2.31 (-3.05); Q
= 1.99 - 2.19 (-2.28); Q’
= 2.08).
-
Amanita
magnivelaris Peck
Usually KOH-. Some
specimens exihibit a yellowing reaction to cutting or bruising (yellowing
syndrome?) and these may be KOH+ (Y. Lamoureux, pers. corresp.).
An off-white species with a thick and felted, rather than thin and
membranous, partial veil. Known mostly from New York,
Wisconsin, and
southeastern Canada. Spores [160/8/5] (7.2-)
8.2 - 10.8 (-12.5) × (5.2-) 5.8 - 7.8 (-9.2) µm, (L
= 8.7 - 9.9
µm; L' = 9.5
µm; W = 6.0 - 7.1
µm; W' = 6.6
µm; Q = (1.15-) 1.27 - 1.62 (-1.72); Q
= 1.38 - 1.49; Q' = 1.43).
-
Amanita virosa
sensu Coker
Known from North Carolina.
85
 
-
Amanita sp. S4
[ image ]
KOH-. Tyrosinase+.
Odor of chlorine or "chloride of lime." White
species with thin and membranous partial veil. Gills
sometimes pinkish (see sectioned button on left above).
Known from West Virginia to Texas. Very similar to A.
elliptosperma. Spores: [165/7/5] (7.3-) 8.4 - 11.2
(-13.5) ×
(4.9-) 5.5 - 6.8 (-8.5) µm, (L
= 9.0 -
9.7 (-10.3) µm; L' = 9.6 µm; W = 5.9 - 6.3 µm; W'
= 6.0 µm; Q = (1.30-) 1.41 - 1.83 (-2.0); Q
= 1.50
- 1.60 (-1.69);
Q' = 1.58).
86
-
Amanita
sp. S9 (
= mediinox Tulloss
nom. prov.)*
[ image
]
Collectors have reported the
buttons of this species are black or midnight blue. Tulloss
has never seen a button. The species belongs in a small
group of the Phalloideae with pigmented caps that do not
have the pigments organized in the pointilliste manner of A.
phalloides. Spores: [85/4/4] (8.0-)
8.5
- 13.5
(-15.5)
× (5.0-)
5.2 - 6.5
(-8.5)
µm, (L
= 9.1 - 12.1 µm;
L'
= 10.6 µm;
W = 5.6 - 6.5 µm;
Q = (1.40-) 1.52 - 2.09 (-2.42); Q
= 1.54 - 1.89; Q'
= 1.78).
Cherokee Orchard,
Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-AA
[top]
[skip section] [top of previous section]
Amanita section Validae
[10 (11) known from park of
23+
probable]
87 
-
Amanita
aestivalis Singer [
image ] [ page
]
Truly white except for
disc. Very much slower to stain than A.
brunnescens. Spores: [200/9/6] (5.8-) 7.0 - 9.5 (-10.9) × (5.0-) 6.8 - 8.8 (-10.5) µm,
(L = (7.6-) 7.9 - 8.6 µm; L’ = 8.4 µm; W = (7.2-) 7.5 - 8.0 µm;
W’ = 7.8 µm;
Q = (1.0-) 1.02 - 1.14 (-1.20); Q = 106 - 1.08 (-1.09); Q’ =
1.07).
Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0197
Cherokee Orchard [RET
(u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-B
88 
-
Amanita
brunneolocularis Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling
[ image ] [ page
]
The northern limit of distribution of this species is
presently GSMNP. The southern limit is in the Quercus forests
of Andean Colombia. The species has been found relatively frequently
in the Cordillera Talamanca of Costa Rica. Reports from
Mexico have not been confirmed. Spores (including from isotype and
paratypes): [258/10/6] (6.5-) 7.5 - 10.0 (-12.5) × (5.0-) 5.8 - 7.8
(-9.0) µm, (L
= (8.3-) 8.4 - 9.4 µm; L’
= 8.8 µm; W =
(6.1-) 6.3 - 7.0 µm; W’
= 6.7 µm; Q = (1.05-) 1.17 - 1.47 (-1.69); Q
= 1.27 - 1.34 (-1.36); Q’
= 1.31). First record for the USA found during 2006 NAMA
Regional Foray at Wildacres, North Carolina. RET 9-29-06-B
& 9-30-06-A, duplicate of latter in F?, L?, NY?, & TENN.
89  
-
Amanita brunnescens G. F. Atk.
[ image
] [ page
]
[= Amanita brunnescens
var. pallida L. Krieg.]
Spores: [35/2/2] (7.0-) 7.5 - 9.2 (-9.5) × (6.5-) 7.0 - 8.5 (-9.2) µm, (L = 8.2 - 8.7 µm;
L’ = µm; W = 7.6 - 8.0 µm; W’ = µm; Q = (1.0-) 1.03 - 1.15 (-1.18);
Q = 1.08; Q’ = 1.08).
[TENN (HPL)]
Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0239
Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0554
Cherokee Orchard [RET
(u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-AB
?Ocontaluftee River,
approx. 1 mile N of Smokemont, E of Hwy. 441
btwn. rd. & river just N of turnout [RET
(u.d.)] LLN-9
90
-
Amanita
citrina
sensu auct. amer.
[ image
]
There is a name for this entity, but
unfortunately it is unusable. The current combination (as a
variety of A. brunnescens) is not taxonomically
supportable, and the epithet in question (straminea) is not
available at species rank in Amanita. RET has
completed a type study for this taxon. It still must be
compared with A. citrina f. lavendula (below).
Spores: [100/4/4] (6.0-) 7.5 - 9.0 (-11.0) × (5.8-) 6.8 - 8.5
(-10.2) µm, (L = 8.0 - 8.6 µm;
L’ = 8.3 µm; W = 7.6 - 8.2 µm; W’ = 7.8 µm; Q = (1.0-)
1.02 - 1.13 (-1.20);
Q = 1.05 - 1.07; Q’ = 1.06).
[TENN (HPL)]
Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0255
91
  
-
Amanita citrina
f. lavendula (Coker) Veselý
[ image
] [ page
]
Dried material of this taxon
can be distinguished from A. citrina sensu
auct. amer.
by its spores which are notably smaller. L' values differ
by more than 1 µm based on data to date; and W' values
differ by more than 1.5 µm. In fresh material, f.lavendula
is often smaller and paler colored, with a relatively narrower
bulb and a partial veil that may turn lavender, but not gray as in
the similar taxon. The lavender
coloring of volva, cap, and stipe, and lavender staining of context
may be dependent on environmental factors such as windchill [or
temperature] near or below freezing on a recent, previous night.
The photograph on the right is courtesy of Mr. Cornelis Hobenbirk
(NJ). Spores: [55/3/3] (6.3-) 6.4 - 8.0 (-8.8) × (5.2-) 5.5 -
7.1 (-7.8) µm, (L = 7.0 - 7.2 µm;
L’ = 7.1 µm; W = 6.0 - 6.4 µm; W’ = 6.2 µm; Q =
(1.03-) 1.05 - 1.26 (-1.30);
Q = 1.11 - 1.18; Q’ = 1.15).
[TENN (HPL)]
Cades Cove, Forge Crk. Rd., [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-27-06-I
Cades Cove, Picnic Area [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-17-06-H
Rabbit Crk. Tr. [TENN (u.d.)] ??
(=TFB 12917)
92  
-
Amanita elongata Peck
[ image ] [ page ]
Apparently close to A.
flavoconia, from which it is distinguished by pigmentation and
spore shape (having narrower spores). The stipe of the
present entity is dominantly (if not entirely) white. The
cap is usually dominantly or entirely yellow (with some
exceptions that suggest the possibility of intergrading with A.
flavoconia. The range of A. elongata extends from the Island of Newfoundland,
Canada in the north to the GSMNP, southwestern South Carolina, and, possibly, further south. If A. elongata and A.
flavoconia are to be placed at the rank of variety within a
common species, the name having priority for the species is A.
flavoconia. Spores: [133/7/7] (6.8-) 7.5 - 10.5
(-12.5) × (4.0-) 5.0 - 6.9 (-8.7) µm, (L = 7.9 - 9.6 µm;
L’ = 8.7 µm; W = 5.3 - 6.4 µm; W’ = 5.8 µm; Q =
(1.21-) 1.33 - 1.70 (-1.81);
Q = 1.45 - 1.58; Q’ = 1.51).
Cades Cove, Loop Rd. (stop 1) [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-17-06-N
93
-
Amanita excelsa
sensu Coker (sp. 19 of RET)
[ image ]
Uneven pileus, detersile warts, brown disk, robust stipe,
fragile partial veil. Known range extends from New Jersey to North
Carolina. Spores:
[40/2/2] (7.0-) 7.3 - 9.8 (-11.5) × (4.5-) 4.9 - 6.2 (-6.5) µm, (L = 7.8 - 8.8
µm;
L’ = 8.3 µm; W = 5.0 - 5.7 µm; W’ = 5.4 µm; Q = (1.31-) 1.40 - 1.69 (-1.92);
Q = 1.54 - 1.56; Q’ = 1.55).
-
Amanita excelsa
sensu Dav. T. Jenkins
[TENN (HPL)]
95 
-
Amanita flavoconia G.
F. Atk. var. flavoconia [image] [page]
Spores: [139/8/8] (6.5-) 6.8 - 9.0 (-10.6) × (4.8-) 5.0 - 7.0 (-8.9) µm, (L = 7.2 - 8.2 (-8.6) µm;
L’ = 7.9 µm; W = (5.3-) 5.5 - 6.9 µm; W’ = 6.0 µm; Q = (1.08-) 1.15 - 1.50 (-1.64);
Q = 1.21 - 1.43 (-1.49); Q’ = 1.33).
Alum Cave trailhead [RET (u.d.) RET 7-13-04-B,
LN2040713-05
?Cades Cove [TENN (HPL)] H-29202,
H-30179
Cades Cove, Loop Rd. (stop 1) [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-27-06-M
Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0027
Cherokee Orchard, Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-T
Fork Ridge trailhead [RET (u.d.)] LN2040713-02
Heintooga Rd., picnic area [RET (u.d.)] FU-0360, FU-0653
Palmer Crk. Tr. [RET (u.d.)] FU-0277
96 
-
Amanita flavorubens
(Berk. & Mont.) Sacc. [image] [page]
[ = Amanita
flavorubescens G. F. Atk.]
This species is one of the few taxa known to extend down
the east coast of N. America and into central Mexico and also to
appear in the limited extension of the western Madrean ecosystem
in SE Arizona. Spores: [180/9/8] (7.4-) 7.8 - 11.0 (-12.6) × (4.9-) 5.4 - 7.0 (-8.4) µm, (L =
8.3 - 9.7 (-10.7) µm;
L’ = 9.2 µm; W = (5.5-) 5.7 - 6.6 µm; W’ =
6.1 µm; Q = (1.17-) 1.28 - 1.76 (-1.96);
Q = (1.34-) 1.37 - 1.67; Q’ = 1.52).
Cades Cove, Loop Rd. [TENN (u.d.)] ??
(=TFB 13414)
in park ca.
Gatlinburg [TENN (HPL & HN); RET
(u.d.)] H-64495
97 
-
Amanita
rubescens sensu
auct. amer. orient.*
[ image
]
This is the common "rubescens"
of eastern Canada and the eastern US. It is distinct from
the European species. Liable to attack by Hypomyces
hyalinus. This entry includes specimens with yellowish underside of the partial veil which do not represent
A. rubescens f.
annulosulfurea of Europe. Spores: [40/2/2] (7.0-) 7.3 - 9.5 (-9.8) × (5.6-) 5.9 - 7.0 (-7.3) µm, (L = 7.9 - 9.1 µm;
L’ = 8.5 µm; W = 6.4 - 6.6 µm; W’ = 6.5 µm; Q = (1.05-) 1.14 - 1.46 (-1.53);
Q = 1.23 - 1.38; Q’ = 1.31).
[TENN (HPL)]
Alum Cave trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-J
Deep Crk. Ranger Stn. [TENN (u.d.] ?? (=TFB 13294)
Grotto Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-U
98
-
Amanita rubescens var. alba
Coker [ image
]
[ page
]
Originally described from North Carolina. Known range
extends from NE USA at least to SW South Carolina. Some
specimens (see photograph) have a yellowish underside to the partial veil.
Spores: [141/7/6] (6.5-) 7.0 - 9.8 (-10.5) × (4.5-) 5.0 - 7.0 (-8.5) µm, (L = 7.6 - 9.0 (-9.2) µm;
L’ = 8.3 µm; W = 5.5 - 6.1 (-6.7) µm; W’ = 5.9 µm; Q = (1.12-) 1.24 - 1.60 (-1.69);
Q = 1.34 - 1.49 (-1.50); Q’ = 1.41).
99
 
-
Amanita
salmonescens Tulloss [ image
] [ page
]
The range of this taxon as known at present extends from
eastern Illinois to Connecticut, then southward to the Appalachian
foothills in western S. Carolina. Stipe bruising salmon then becoming sordid; spores:
[144/6/5] (5.9-) 7.0 - 9.2 (-10.5) × (4.2-) 4.5 - 6.0 (-6.5) µm, (L = (7.7-) 7.8 - 8.4 µm;
L’ = 8.1 µm; W = (4.9-) 5.2 - 5.6 µm; W’ = 5.3 µm; Q = (1.18-) 1.35 - 1.75 (-1.88);
Q = 1.45 - 1.57 (-1.62); Q’ = 1.54).
100
-
Amanita
solaniolens (cf.)
H. L. Stewart & Grund (=
sp. N20)
[ image ] [ page
]
This species was originally described
from Nova Scotia. Spores: [70/3/3] 7.0 - 8.8 (-10.5) × (5.5-) 6.5 - 8.0 (-9.5) µm,
(L = 7.9 - 8.2 µm; L’ = 8.0 µm; W = 7.1 - 7.4 µm; W’ = 7.2 µm;
Q = (1.0-) 1.03 - 1.27 (-1.35); Q = 1.06 - 1.16; Q’ = 1.11).
Alum Cave trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-J
Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0237, FU-0240, FU-0335
Cherokee Orchard, Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-K
-
Amanita spissa
sensu Coker
[TENN (HPL)]
-
Amanita spissa
var. alba Coker non Rick etc.
103
-
Amanita
submaculata Peck
[ image
] [ page
]
This species has slipped
out of the literature for decades and is only just being
recognized again. It can be recognized by its gray-brown
cap, its grayish and friable volva, its large white partial veil
(like a broad, hooped skirt), and its odor (frequently of fruit or
anise or both). Its currently known range is from the
northern tier states of the eastern USA to the Carolinas, but i
probably extends to both the north and south.
?Deep Crk. picnic area, ca.
Bryson City [RET (u.d.)] FU-0636
?Deep Crk. Ranger Stn. [TENN (u.d.)] RET 7-19-06-D (=??
=TFB 13296)
?Heintooga Rd., picnic area [RET (u.d.)] FU-0652
104 
-
Amanita
sp. 10
[ image
]
Brown
pileus; differing from sp. 36 due to apparent innate fibrils in
pileus, paler yellow volva, & a more
olivaceous brown pileus; differing from European franchetii
at least in lack of yellow
exposed context when the immature pileipellis is scraped away;
habit suggestive of flavoconia; liable to attack by Hypomyces
hyalinus. Spores: [45/2/2] 7.0 - 9.1 (-9.4) × (4.9-) 5.2 - 6.3 µm, (L = 7.8 - 8.5 µm;
L’ = 8.3 µm; W = 5.5 - 5.8 µm; W’ = 5.7 µm; Q = (1.25-) 1.30 - 1.62;
Q = 1.42 - 1.47; Q’ = 1.45).
Possible from
outside of park ca.
Gatlinburg - H-25630.
105 
-
Amanita
sp. 36*
[ image
]
[= A. franchetii sensu Dav. T. Jenkins.]
This is
not the European taxon. If the pileipellis is scraped once
the cap has begun to emerge, the color seen is always yellow.
Cataloochee Valley
[RET (u.d.)] FU-0237
-
Amanita sp. M10
?Cataloochee
Valley [RET(u.d.)] FU-0340
-
Amanita sp. MD1
Possible from
Knox Co., TN: H-40041
-
Amanita sp. N5
-
Amanita
sp. O2
[top]
[skip section] [top of previous section]
Limacella
[1 known from park]
-
Limacella
kauffmanii H. V. Sm.
locality not cited
[MICH?, TENN (HVS45)]
[top]
[top of previous section]
LITERATURE CITED
[BAS69] Bas, C. 1969.
Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a
monograph of its section Lepidella. Persoonia
5: 285-579.
[JE77] Jenkins, D. T. 1977. A Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Study of the Genus Amanita
Section Amanita for North America. Biblioth.
Micol. 57: 1-126.
[JE81] Jenkins, D. T.
1981. A new species of Amanita. Mycotaxon
13: 112-114.
[HVS45] Smith, H. V. 1945
["1944"]. The genus Limacella in North
America. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 30: 125-147, pl.
I.
[ Introduction
]
[ Interpreting
this checklist ]
[ Amanita section Amanita
]
[
Amanita
section Vaginatae ]
[
Amanita
section Amidella ]
[
Amanita
section Lepidella ]
[
Amanita
section Phalloideae ]
[
Amanita
section Validae ]
[
Limacella
]
[
Literature
Cited ]
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