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[ Amanita ]
[ Vaginatae ]
[ Phalloideae ]
[ Validae ]
Rodham E. Tulloss
At present, this list contains 24 possibly distinct taxa. There are probably some taxa represented more than once in this list, and these cases are noted in the entries for the relevant taxa. Two numbered taxa (sp. NFL4 and sp. NFL5) are omitted for the moment because the relevant data is poor. There are probably additional taxa not yet recorded. The list includes some taxa that appear to be circumarctic or nearly circumarctic in distribution -- e.g., A. groenlandica -- and others that, at present, are only known from the region in question. Vascular plants of special interest: Empetrum spp. Habitats of special interest: Empetrum heath: "barrens found on exposed coastal headlands and inlands ridges at altitudes approaching the treeline. Empetrum heath is dominated by carpets of black or pink crowberry, which belong to the genus Empetrum." [Definition taken from Northern Peninsula Ecoregion Brochure.] Amanita subgenus Amanita (spores inamyloid) Amanita sect. Amanita -- Fruiting body developing in eccentric position (above center) in primordium;
hence, stipe with a bulb at the base; lacking a saccate volva.
Although data is absent for several taxa, all taxa in this group should be suspected of containing ibotenic acid, muscimol, or
similar compounds. All photographs for this section are by R. E. Tulloss.
2.
frostiana
(Peck) Sacc.
Basidiocarp usually small (expanded cap often fitting with palm of adult hand), pileus yellow-orange to orange, with
universal veil yellow to cream; universal veil less prominent on stipe and bulb, often cothurnate; basidia frequently have clamps;
spores globose to subglobose, [199/10/6] (7.5-) 8.5 - 10.5 (-12.5) × (7.5-) 7.8 - 9.8 (-11.3) µm, (L = (8.5-) 9.0 - 9.6 µm;
L’ = 9.2 µm; W = (8.1-) 8.5 - 9.2 µm; W’ = 8.7 µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.12 (-1.17);
Q = (1.04-) 1.05 - 1.08; Q’ = 1.06) [compare to A. flavoconia
, below (with spores amyloid)].
3. muscaria
var. guessowii Veselý.
Basidiocarp sometimes very large; pileus yellow to yellow with red-orange disc to orange, with universal veil yellow to
cream to pale tan often in multiple floccose to firm rings around the lower stipe and upper bulb, sometimes with cothurnate
volva as well; spores [120/6/6] (7.0-) 8.7 - 12.2 (-14.8) × (5.9-) 6.5 - 8.2 (-9.5) µm, (L = 9.2 - 11.4 µm;
L’ = 10.5 µm; W = 7.1 - 7.8 µm; W’ = 7.5 µm; Q = (1.09-) 1.27 - 1.56 (-1.70);
Q = 1.30 - 1.49; Q’ = 1.42); with Picea.
Amanita sect. Caesareae - None known from the province. Closest known records are from southern Quebéc. Amanita sect. Vaginatae -- Universal veil saccate
and membranous or originally saccate, but friable or becoming friable and then pulverulent to submembranous and eventually
graying/darkening entirely or on either the inner or outer surface of the volval remnants. Photographs are by
R. E. Tulloss unless otherwise indicated.
groenlandica Bas ex Knudsen & Borgen. Basidiome sometimes with rather stocky habit, sometimes more gracile; stipe surface is decorated with pale dirty gray brown, pale grayish buff, pale grayish, or pale brown floccose girdles becoming darker when bruised; universal veil fragile and easily disrupted; limbus internus is fibrillose when present; pileus not virgate, olivaceous pr grayish yellow at first, taking on darker tones of brown (often from disc outward)—with exposure and aging, bleached specimens (as in the image above) now known from both Greenland and Isl. of Newfoundland, with striations occupying 10-20% of pileus radius; subhymenium with plentiful inflated cells; in Labrador in Empetrum heath with dwarf Betula and dwarf Salix. Spores (combined with those from Greenland including type and paratypes) measure [360/18/14] (7.8-) 9.4 - 13.0 (-23) × (7.3-) 8.2 - 11.8 (-16.0) µm, (L = (9.7-) 10.3 - 11.8 (- 12.2) µm; L’ = 11.1 µm; W = (8.7-) 9.3 - 10.8 µm; W’ = 10.0 µm; Q = (1.0-) 1.02 - 1.22 (-1.44); Q = ( 1.07-) 1.08 - 1.12 (-1.16); Q’ = 1.11). [Note: Photograph by Dr. Andrus Voitk.]
groenlandica Bas ex Knudsen & Borgen, cf.
Basidiome usually more gracile than in typical A. groendlandica gracile; cap margin pale straw-color when young;
marginal striations up to 35% of pileus radius:
[25/2/1](8.5-) 9.3 - 14.2 (-14.5) × (8.2-) 8.5 - 12.5 (-14.0) µm, (L = 11.2 - 11.7 µm; L’ = 11.4 µm;
W = 10.5 - 10.7 µm; W’ = 10.6 µm; Q = 1.03 - 1.15 (-1.18); Q = 1.07 - 1.10;Q’
= 1.08); known from Isl. of Newfoundland only from two sites in or near bog on trails west and north of Western Brook Pond.
Sample vegetation (non-dwarf tree taxa all stunted): Abies balsamea, Alnus rugosa, dwarf Betula sp.,
Larix laricina, Saracenia purpurea, Sphagnum sp., Vaccinium sp., etc. on islet in bog.
islandica Melot, cf. Pileus white often rapidly
becoming sordid, with striations short (often less than 20% of radius); stipe having floccose-pulverulent sheath from apex
downward for up to 50 mm, often with a thickened region at its lower border; Newfoundland material tentatively determined as
this species comprises fruiting bodies much smaller than typically seen in Icelandic and Scandinavian specimens of
A. islandica; spores
[100/4/4] (8.8-) 9.3 - 13.2 (-15.0) × (8.0-) 8.4 - 11.5 (-14.5) µm, (L = 9.8 - 12.0 µm; L’ = 11.2 µm;
W = 9.0 - 10.5 µm; W’ = 9.9 µm; Q = (1.03-) 1.05 - 1.30 (-1.53); Q = 1.09 - 1.19;
Q’ = 1.14); with Betula alone, Betula and Corylus, or Betula with admixture of conifers. 10.
vaginata var. alba sensu auct.
amer. orient. Photograph copyright 2007 by Dr. Andrus Voitk.
Pileus white and not becoming sordid; stipe lacking floccose-pulverulent
sheath. With universal veil white, not graying, but often torn and
imperfect at stipe base and sometimes leaving torn patches on the pileus;
occurring with ??. Spores (from New Jersey specimens): [14/1/1] 9.5 - 11.0 (-13.0)
× (8.3-) 8.8 - 10.0 (-10.3) µm, (L = 10.4 µm; W = 9.2 µm; Q =
(1.06-) 1.07 - 1.21 (-1.22); Q = 1.12). Spores (from European specimens):
[100/4/4] (8.6-) 9.8 - 12.8 (-17.0) × (7.0-) 8.5 - 12.0
(-13.5) µm, (L = 10.8 - 11.9 µm; L’
= 11.4 µm; W = 9.5 - 11.0 µm; W’
= 10.3 µm; Q = (1.02-) 1.04 - 1.22 (-1.82); Q = 1.08 - 1.14; Q’ = 1.11).
[ image
10 ]
species NFL1. This number is based on material in DAOM that was collected in 1954 at Crater Lake,
Labrador (92 - 96 km southwest of Saglek). Pileus silvery gray, 15 - 30 mm wide, edge may become yellowish
with age; lamellae rounded at margin, whitish to light tan to pinkish tan; stipe 5 - 10 mm thick, exannulate, white
above, gray below, volva breaks into small patches or large warts; at least sometimes occurring in dense moss spores on
"coarse ground moraine," about 610 m elevation; spores [40/2/2] (9.3-) 9.8 - 12.3 (-13.2) × (8.5-) 8.6 - 11.0 (-12.5)
µm, (L = 10.5 - 11.7 µm; L’ = 11.1 µm; W = 9.6 - 10.4 µm; W’ = 10.0 µm;
Q = 1.05 - 1.22 (-1.25); Q = 1.10 - 1.13; Q’ = 1.11).
[Note: Compare to the better documented Amanita sp. NFL10, below.] species NFL2
"Andrus’ pinky." Pileus cream with faint pinkish and faint sordid tints away from disc, with disc pale
brownish orange, with striations 20-25% of radius; stipe decorated with a mixture of orangish white fibers in
"chevron" or "snake skin" pattern in upper half and orangish white shreds of felted material in the
quarter of the stipe just below the midpoint; spores [20/1/1] (9.4-) 10.3 - 12.2 × (8.2-) 9.2 - 10.9 (-22.0) µm,
(L = 11.2 µm; W = 10.0 µm; Q = (1.04-) 1.08 - 1.18; Q = 1.12); with Abies balsamea,
Alnus, and Juniperus. [Compare to material collected in Maine and given the herbarium identifier
A. sp. N26 [Tulloss]. In this checklist, see also Amanita sp. NFL7.]
species NFL3.
Pileus grayish brown at first, dark brown at maturity, with striations 25-40% of radius; lamellae marginate; stipe
with black fibrils; subhymenial base without notably inflated cells (e.g., slightly inflated, intercalary hyphal
segments may be present); spores [20/1/1] (11.9-) 13.1 - 15.5 (-18.4) × (11.2-) 11.8 - 13.8 (-17.5) µm,
(L = 14.3 µm; W = 12.9 µm; Q = 1.06 - 1.18 (-1.19); Q = 1.11).
[Note: It is not known whether the spore measurements of the material seen to date (which had rather common bisterigmate
basidia and was in distressed condition when the spores were measured fresh) is typical of this species.]
6. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
Amanita subgenus Lepidella - (spores amyloid)Amanita sect. Lepidella - None known from the province. orld wide, none known from boreal and subarctic regions. Amanita sect. Amidella - None known from the province. Closest records are from western Nova Scotia. Amanita sect. Phalloideae - Stipe with a soft bulb and a membranous annulus.
Universal veil as a limbate volva (attached to top of bulb).
Cap margin not appendiculate.
No known taxa with clamped basidia.
Many, but not all taxa may contain amatoxins.
All photographs for this section are by R. E. Tulloss.
 
Amanita sect. Validae - Stipe with a soft or firm basal bulb
and a membranous annulus. Universal veil may for a low rim around the margin of the bulb or may be entirely friable.
Cap margin not appendiculate. No known taxa with clamped basidia. Marginate species may contain bufotenine or
related compounds. All photographs for this section are by R. E. Tulloss.
22.  flavoconia G. F. Atk. var. flavoconia. Cap usually or yellow-orange to red-orange, stipe usually predominantly yellow. Spores: [139/8/8] (6.5-) 6.8 - 9.0 (-10.6) × (4.8-) 5.0 - 7.0 (-8.9) µm, (L = 7.2 - 8.2 (-8.6) µm; L’ = 7.9 µm; W = (5.3-) 5.5 - 6.9 µm; W’ = 6.0 µm; Q = (1.08-) 1.15 - 1.50 (-1.64); Q = 1.21 - 1.43 (-1.49); Q’ = 1.33).) 23 . 
[Note: Amanita porphyria Alb. & Schwein. : Fr. is a puzzling species. Schweinitz's watercolor preserved at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia shows an entirely gray fruiting body The original description, however, says that the cap is porphyry colored -- brown with tints of red or purple. The partial veil often becomes gray quickly, and there are often gray fibers on the stipe below the partial veil. The North American material varies from coloration similar to the European one to almost olivaceous brown and with the color evenly distributed or giving the strong impression of embedded radial lines. Material from Newfoundland is often paler than material from other parts of eastern North America and contemporary determination of this species is largely based on the gray partial veil and the marginate bulb at the base of the stem.] 24.  rubescens sensu auct. amer. boreal. orient. var. rubescens (This entry includes specimens with yellowish underside of the partial veil which do not represent the f. annulosulfurea of Europe. Spores: [40/2/2] (7.0-) 7.3 - 9.5 (-9.8) × (5.6-) 5.9 - 7.0 (-7.3) µm, (L = 7.9 - 9.1 µm; L’ = 8.5 µm; W = 6.4 - 6.6 µm; W’ = 6.5 µm; Q = (1.05-) 1.14 - 1.46 (-1.53); Q = 1.23 - 1.38; Q’ = 1.31).) [Note: This species of eastern North America is not A. rubescens Pers. : Fr. of Europe and is possibly most closely related to A. flavorubens (Berk & Mont.) Sacc. (range: central Mexico to Nova Scotia) and A. rubescens var. alba Coker (range: predominantly SE North America).] Acknowledgments I extend my sincere gratitude to the Humber Natural History Society, the provincial government of Newfoundland and Labrador,
the many collectors at the Newfoundland and Labrador forays in the years 2003-2005 and to the organizers of these forays including
the principal guiding spirits Dr. Andrus and Maria Voitk, Corner Brook, Isl. of Newfoundland, and their neighbors and co-conspirators
Judy May and her late husband, Dr. Barry May. Image preparation and page format and
editing assistance were supplied by Lindsay Possiel (Roosevelt, New Jersey). [ Amanita ] [ Vaginatae ] [ Phalloideae ] [ Validae ]
Page maintained by R. E.
Tulloss.
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The following is based upon material collected during September and early October in the years 2003 through 2006 in and
around Gros Morne National Park during and prior to annual fungal forays of the Humber Natural History Society (HNHS).
Additional exsiccata supplied by Dr. Andrus Voitk (HNHS) have been utilized for a better coverage of the entire mushroom season;
these come from Island of Newfoundland in general as well as from southern Labrador (dwarf
willow and seed, photo on right). 
